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Fluid Types

Fluid Types. Ch.3 Hydraulic Fluids Matthew Berning Derrick Shea. Overview. Several Fluid Types Characteristics of Fluid Types Comparisons of Fluid Types. Fluid Applications. Transmits power Absorbs temperature Lubricates fluid system Cools devices Carries away contaminants

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Fluid Types

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  1. Fluid Types Ch.3 Hydraulic Fluids Matthew Berning Derrick Shea

  2. Overview • Several Fluid Types • Characteristics of Fluid Types • Comparisons of Fluid Types

  3. Fluid Applications • Transmits power • Absorbs temperature • Lubricates fluid system • Cools devices • Carries away contaminants • Creates internal seals

  4. Things to Consider in Choosing a Fluid • Viscosity Index (VI) – ability to maintain acceptable viscosity over a temperature variation. • Flammability • Specific Gravity • Cost and Availability • Environmental Concerns Biodegradable? Toxic or Pollutant?

  5. General Categories • Petroleum Oils • Fire Resistant Fluids • Biodegradable Fluids

  6. Figure 3-14 Page 61

  7. Petroleum Oil (Hydrocarbon Based) • Most common type used • Specifically Blended • All major oil suppliers produce at least one type of Petroleum Oil

  8. Advantages • Low Cost • Good Lubricity • Ready Availability • Relatively Low Toxicity

  9. Page 62

  10. Fire Resistant FluidsHigh-Water Based Fluids These Include: • Water-In-Oil Emulsions • Oil-In-Water Emulsions • Water-Glycols

  11. Fire Resistant Fluids (cont…) • High Specific Gravity • Withstand Somewhat High Temperatures • High Cost • High Maintenance * Require Flooded Conditions to Prevent Cavitations

  12. Phosphate Esters • Attack: Elastomers Paint Plastics • Require rubber or fluorocarbon seals

  13. Synthetics • Although dangerous to machine parts, have many advantages: • Oxidation resistance • Reduced friction • Long life and long drain intervals • Operates at high and low temperatures

  14. Vegetable Oil Based Fluids • Used in mobile equipment • Include: • Soy • Rapeseed • Other vegetable oils

  15. Advantages • Biodegradable • No toxicity • High VI • Thermal stability • Low volatility • Additive compatible

  16. Disadvantages • Expensive • Water will degrade (poor Hydrolytic stability) • Poor at low temperatures • Oxidation stability

  17. Additives • Used in stable fluids • Creates: • Antiwear • Antioxidation • Antitrust

  18. Remember… • Temperature affects viscosity • Additives are not always good • Oxidation rates for petroleum-based oils double for each 18 Degree F rise in temperatures after 140 degree F • Petroleum oil at atmospheric pressure contains 8-10% air, and cannot be observed

  19. References • Eaton-Vickers Text, Industrial Hydraulics manual 4th edition 2001 • http://www.mcmaster.com/ • UDRI Lab B: Shoyrer Park Center

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