Imperialism

1. Imperialism Stronger nations’ attempt to create empires by dominating weaker ones – economically, politically, culturally, militarily, etc.

2. WHY? • Economics • Nationalism • Military Factors • “White Man’s Burden”

3. Hawaii Sugar, pineapples Queen Liliuokalani Sanford B. Dole Annexation, 1898

4. By the time Theodore Roosevelt takes office in 1901, he sees the US growing an overseas empire…

5. Monroe Doctrine, 1820 • Trade w/ Japan, 1850s • Trade w/ China, 1860s • Midway Island, 1867 • Alaska, 1867 • Hawaii • “Banana Republics” in Latin America

6. And then came that “Splendid Little War”…

7. Cuba • Cuba had HUGE dependence on US $$$ for its sugar trade after Spain abolished slavery – some even wanted US to buy it from Spain!

8. Jose Marti • Started guerrilla warfare tactics in Cuba against Spanish AND US property hoping to provoke US involvement on the island

9. Yellow Journalism (Press) • Exaggerated news stories to lure new readers and boost sales (Joseph Pulitzer vs. William Randolph Hearst)

12. Spanish-American War • Philippines:

13. Emilio Aguinaldo

14. Spanish American War • Cuba: Teddy Roosevelt and the Rough Riders

16. Treaty Of Paris (1898) • Cuba independent* • Spain gives US Puerto Rico and Guam • US pays $20 million for Philippines

17. What to do with newly acquired lands? • Denying self-government to people? • Organized Labor concerned new people will come to mainland and take jobs from Americans • Booker T. Washington suggests US concern itself with race issues at home before taking on new ones

18. What Actually Happens… • Puerto Rico: Foraker Act limited self rule. US thought of PR’s as children (limited access to alcohol, tobacco and free press) and did not immediately give citizenship. • Philippines: Emilio Aguinaldo fights US forces • Cuba: Platt Amendment makes Cuba a PROTECTORATE of the US

19. Platt Amendment • Cuba could not make treaties that would limit its independence or allow a foreign power to control its territory • US reserved the right to intervene militarily at any time • Cuba could not go into debt • US gets Guantanamo Bay Naval Base • *The US wants to guarantee its business interests in Cuban tobacco, sugar trade

20. China

21. Open Door Policy • John Hay sends OPEN DOOR NOTES to GBR, GER, FRA, ITA, and RUS urging: • 1) open access to all Chinese ports • 2) elimination of all special privileges • 3) China stays independent

22. Boxer Rebellion • Xenophobic Chinese sought to rid China of all Western political, cultural, and religious influence. • It failed.

23. US Foreign Policy at the Turn of the 20th Century • By 1900, Americans actually believed: • 1) Growth of Economy DEPENDED on exports • 2) US had a right to intervene anywhere to keep foreign markets open to US goods • 3) The closing of any markets to US goods, ideas, or citizens affects US survival.

24. Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905)

25. Roosevelt mediates the war, and earns the 1906 Nobel Peace prize, to ensure American access to Chinese markets

26. Big Stick Diplomacy

27. The Great White Fleet

28. Panama Canal

35. Pancho Villa