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Adaptive Collaborative Water Governance in Laguna, Philippines

Explore the concepts and practices of collaborative water governance in Santa Cruz Sub-Watershed, Laguna, Philippines. Learn about addressing conflicts, designing protocols, and implementing ACWG for sustainable water management.

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Adaptive Collaborative Water Governance in Laguna, Philippines

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  1. Adaptive Collaborative Water Governance The Case of Santa Cruz Sub-Watershed, Laguna, PhilippinesMyra David, Agnes Rola, Miriam Nguyen, Juan Pulhin Presented by Myra E. David PhD, UPLB CPAf-IGRD during the 8th National Social Science Congress, Lyceum of the Philippines, Batangas City on June 15-17, 2016

  2. Governance concept • Water conflicts in the Philippines • Concepts to address poor governance and water conflicts • Designing an ACWG protocol • Model of Collaborative Governance • ACWG in Practice • Conclusions Outline

  3. Water governance refers to… “the range of political, social, economic and administrative systems that are in place to develop and manage water resources, and the delivery of water services, at different levels of society” (Global Water Partnership 2003). Introduction

  4. In managing water resources, cases of conflicts are observed at the local level, e.g., river basins. A study of 263 international rivers reveals…“the likelihood of conflict rises as the rate of change within the basin exceeds the institutional capacity to absorb that change”. Either the “sudden physical changes” or “reduced institutional capacity” are contributory factors to disputes (Cairus et al 2004).

  5. Conflicts caused by weak governance manifested by (OECD 2011): • fragmented institutional structures • a lack of clarity of roles and responsibilities • questionable resource allocation • inadequate financial management • low capacity of implementing organisations • unpredictability in the investment climate for private sector actors • lack of accountability of politicians, policy-makers and implementing agencies • lack of knowledge and awareness of rights and responsibilities

  6. Good water governance may be achieved but dependent upon the factors, such as: • strong policy, legal, and regulatory frameworks • more effective implementing organizations • a civic determination to improve water governance • appropriate investments Worldbank 2006

  7. In the Philippines, water conflicts have increased sharply… • among sectors i.e. households, industries, agriculture, fisheries, • within a sector, e.g. the allocation of irrigation water between upstream and downstream farms Tabios and David 2004

  8. To address the issues of conflict and weak governance, the literature proposes concepts: • Collaborative governance • Adaptive water governance • Adaptive management – learning by doing • Collaborative adaptive management

  9. This presentation reports the results of action research study which has designed a protocol for ACWG that fits the local condition of the study watershed • Conditions include: • absence of formal mechanisms • no local rules • no institution for a collective water administration

  10. Designing a Framework for ACWG Phase1: Building partnerships with stakeholder groups and assessment of water management undertakings Phase 2: Group management approach setting Phase 3: Water resource management plan development and investment planning Phase 4: Implementation of investment plans and social learning Adaptive Collaborative Mgmt (CIFOR) Collaborative Governance (Univ of California) Local Governance (SANREM-CRISP) Adaptive Decision Making Process (ACIAR) • Grouped similar-in-nature variables into phases with corresponding activities • Forum, TWG meetings and training-workshop served as venues for collaboration from 2014-2016; documented

  11. A revised model of collaborative governance (Ansell and Gash 2007) • Used as basis for analyzing the factors that led to the realization of ACWG

  12. Maps showing the Laguna de Bay watershed and Santa Cruz sub-watershed • 1 out of the 24 sub-watersheds • 6 municipalities • Santa Cruz River

  13. 75% agriculture; 14% natural (forest land, water bodies, quarry); 11% built-up areas • Livelihoods: vegetable & rice farms, food processing, livestock, resorts, quarrying • Health The State of the Santa Cruz Sub-Watershed, Laguna- Socioeconomic

  14. Water is sourced from the rivers, springs (higher communities), or groundwater (lower level) • National Irrigation System (SCRIS); > 2,000 ha The State of the Santa Cruz Sub-Watershed, Laguna- Socioeconomic

  15. River council – LIMAS MARINA • LLDA • PGENRO • PENRO-DENR • UPLB (facilitator) • Six municipalities (Liliw, Magdalena, Santa Cruz, Majayjay, Rizal and Nagcarlan) The State of Governance

  16. Pre-history of cooperation or conflict cooperation rather than antagonism -long history of stakeholder collaboration; warm reception of ABC assemblies and river council; forum increased awareness & proposed mechanism (mgmt plan) • Power-Resource-Knowledge Asymmetries (stakeholders’ representation in collaborative platforms – participants doubly represented; 90% membership employed in 6 municipalities; non-active participation in meetings; biggest challenge – lack of long time engagement) ACWG in Practice- Starting conditions

  17. Incentives for and Constraints on Participation expectation of concrete, tangible, effectual policy outcomes out of developed watershed water management plan • Constraints were addressed - funding TWG meetings; required skills in crafting a watershed water management plan; funding project i.e. solid waste management ACWG in Practice- Starting conditions

  18. Participatory inclusiveness (need-based of TWG – involved key officials of 6 municipalities (meetings) and ABC assemblies (SWM) • Forum exclusiveness (TWG the only collaboration platform- LIMAS unique structure working with 6 muncipalities) • Clear ground rules • Process transparency ACWG in Practice- Institutional Design refers to the basic protocols and ground rules for collaboration

  19. Clear ground rules • Process transparency • Negotiation is real; no backroom private deals • Managerial procedural matters • rules on tardiness • meeting procedure- approval of proposed agenda, review of minutes of past meeting, matters arising from the minutes, approval of the minutes, new business, next meeting schedule and venue • documentation ACWG in Practice- Institutional Design

  20. Face-to-face dialogue role to break down stereotypes; TWG meetings, workshops and seminars • Trust building trusting the advocates and trusting the process of ACWG; assurance that projects will be sustained ACWG in Practice- Collaborative Process described as following a cyclic, iterative process of the elements of:

  21. Commitment to the process refers to developing a belief that good faith bargaining for mutual gains is the best way to achieve desirable policy outcomes rather than fulfilling legal obligations; ceremonial part of forum; traditional way of management by municipality; commitment of hosting TWG meetings • Shared understanding developing something what collaborators can collectively achieve – development of water resource mgmt plan – led to planning for watershed solid waste management ACWG in Practice- Collaborative Process described as following a cyclic, iterative process of the elements of:

  22. Strengthening of LIMAS MARINA Two important processes contribute to the strengthening of LIMAS MARINA: • regularity of meetings (new knowledge about Santa Cruz watershed; new insights how to perform better • documentation of minutes of meetings (provides direction, transparency) ACWG in Practice- Outcomes

  23. Implementation of water resource management plan • Agreed to prepare an investment plan on solid waste management but preparation unexpectedly demanded a longer time • Needed to work at the barangay level to understand the problem ACWG in Practice- Outcomes

  24. Factors that could bring about a successful ACWG: • favorablestarting condition of cooperation • committed river council • knowledge of the watershed they serve • stakeholders’ attitudes regarding incentives • recognition of polycentric governance mechanisms participatory inclusiveness • clear ground rules, process transparency and face-to-face dialogues Conclusion

  25. The extent of adaptive collaboration among stakeholders tends to increase when working interdependently to address a prioritized common problem Conclusion

  26. AcknowledgmentThe authors thank the EIDR of the UP System, for the generous support. Thanks to the partners in Santa Cruz sub-watershed towards ACWG:-Laguna Lake Development Authority -LIMAS MARINA River Rehabilitation Foundation, Inc.-Provincial Environment and Natural Resources Office, Los Banos, Laguna-Provincial Government of Laguna-Environment and Natural Resources Office-Municipalities of Liliw, Majayjay, Santa Cruz, Magdalena, Rizal and Nagcarlan-Research staff: Ms.Aira Mendoza and Ms. Maria Cristina A. Alvarez

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