19 th CENTURY CULTURE & THOUGHT

1. 19th CENTURY CULTURE & THOUGHT

2. 19th CENTURY CULTURE & THOUGHT • LITERATURE • 1820-1880 = “GOLDEN AGE” • Dominated by Romanticism & esp. Realism • Greatest writer of 1st half of century = ALEXANDER PUSHKIN • Brilliant, socially conscious writer • Standardized Russian literary language • Transformed writing into profession • Greatest works = Evgenii Onegin, The Bronze Horseman

3. 19th CENTURY CULTURE & THOUGHT Herzen • LITERATURE • 1820-1880 = “GOLDEN AGE” • After 1830s, prose became predominant literary form • Greatest Realist prose writer of period = NIKOLAI GOGOL • tremendous influence on development of Russian lit. • great works = Inspector General, Dead Souls • Development of LITERARY CRITICISM Belinsky

4. 19th CENTURY CULTURE & THOUGHT • LITERATURE • 1820-1880 = “GOLDEN AGE” • 2nd half of 19th century: literature imbued with social message • NIKOLAI CHERNYASHEVSKY: What isto Be Done • Emergence of literary giants • IVAN TURGENEV: Fathers & Sons, Nest of the Gentry • FEDOR DOSTOEVSKY: Crime & Punishment, Brothers Karamazov • LEV TOLSTOY: War and Peace, Anna Karenina

5. 19th CENTURY CULTURE & THOUGHT • LITERATURE • End of 19th/beginning of 20th century • Other influential writers emerged • ANTON CHEKOV: The Cherry Orchard, Uncle Vanya • MAXIM GORKY: Mother, The Lower Depths (Socialist Realism) • SILVER AGE: Symbolism, Acmeism, Futurism • ALEXANDER BLOK, ANDREI BELY, OSIP MANDELSTAM, ANNA AKHMATOVA, VLADIMIR MAIAKOVSKY

6. 19th CENTURY CULTURE & THOUGHT • ARCHITECTURE • 1st half of 19th century • Neo-Classicism ADMIRALTY, ST. PETERSBURG KAZAN CATHEDRAL, ST. PETERSBURG ST. ISAAK’S CATHEDRAL, ST. PETERSBURG BOLSHOI THEATER, MOSCOW

7. 19th CENTURY CULTURE & THOUGHT • ARCHITECTURE • 1st half of 19th century • Neo-Classicism • 2nd half of 19th century • New styles combining Russian & western influences • Art Nouveau RIABUSHINSKY (GORKY) HOUSE, MOSCOW STATE HISTORICAL MUSEUM, MOSCOW CATHEDRAL OF THE SAVIOR ON SPLIT BLOOD, ST. PETERSBURG RIABUSHINSKY (GORKY) HOUSE, MOSCOW

8. 19th CENTURY CULTURE & THOUGHT • ART • 1st half of 19th century • Neo-Classicism • Romanticism • Romantic Realism A. VENETSIANOV, HERDER BOY K. BRULOV, LAST DAYS OF POMPEI • IVANOV, CHRIST APPEARING BEFORE THE PEOPLE P. FEDOTOV, NEWLY DECORATED OFFICIAL P. FEDOTOV, PORTRAIT OF A. P. ZHDANOVICH A. VENETSIANOV, THE REAPERS

9. 19th CENTURY CULTURE & THOUGHT • ART • 1st half of 19th century • Neo-Classicism • Romanticism • Romantic Realism • 2nd half of 19th century • Realism • ITINERANTS SCHOOL I. REPIN, IVAN THE TERRIBLE & HIS SON I. REPIN, COSSACKS DRAFTING A LETTER TO THE SULTAN V. PEROV, EASTER PROCESSION IN THE VILLAGE V. SURIKOV, MORNING OF THE EXECUTION OF THE STRELTSY I. KRAMSKOI, PORTRAIT OF AN OLD PEASANT

10. 19th CENTURY CULTURE & THOUGHT • ART • 1st half of 19th century • Neo-Classicism • Romanticism • Romantic Realism • 2nd half of 19th century • Realism • ITINERANTS SCHOOL • New themes • WORLD OF ART Movement V. SEROV, THE RAPE OF EUROPA N. GONCHAROVA, BIRTH OF CHRIST M. VRUBEL, SEATED DEMON M. CHAGALL, I & THE VILLAGE

11. 19th CENTURY CULTURE & THOUGHT • SCIENCE & SCHOLARSHIP • 1st half of 19th century • Expansion of higher education • 2nd half of 19th century • Mathematics • SOPHIA KOVALEVSKAIA • Chemistry • DMITRI MENDELEEV • Physics (Electricity & Magnetism • PAVEL YABLOCHKOV • ALEXANDER POPOV

12. 19th CENTURY CULTURE & THOUGHT • SCIENCE & SCHOLARSHIP • 2nd half of 19th century • Biological sciences • VLADIMIR KOVALEVSKY • Medicine • NIKOLAI PIRAGOV • Psychology & Physiology • IVAN PAVLOV