ADMINISTRATIVE LAW

1. ADMINISTRATIVE LAW Researching Agency Rules and Decisions ~~~~~ Bridge the Legal Research Gap Sarah Hollingsworth June 19, 2003

2. Where We’re Going • Basics of Administrative Law • Federal Agency Rules • Federal Agency Decisions • State Agency Rules and Decisions • Helpful Hints • Summary

3. Source: http://pp.okstate.edu/ehs/TRAINING/hazsigns/osha.htm

4. BASICS OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW

5. Agencies Defined • Creations of the legislature • Authorized to carry out specific duties: • Issue rules and regulations • Adjudicate claims and disputes • Enforce and administer machinery of government

6. Two Types of Agencies • Executive • May not act independently of executive • Head serves at pleasure of executive • Independent • May act independently • Head appointed by executive and serves for fixed term

7. - Agricultural Research Service • - Farm Service Agency • - Forest Service • Rural Development Source: www.gmi.edu/~jhuggins/ pics/farm.gif Department of Agriculture

9. Source: www.xcskiracer.com/irs.html Source: www.xcskiracer.com/irs.html

10. Fish & Wildlife Service • Geological Survey • National Park Service • Bureau of Indian Affairs • Bureau of Land Management • Bureau of Reclamation Department of Interior

11. Source: www.public-health.uiowa.edu/…/0039.htm

12. Multiple Levels

13. Governing Laws • Federal Register Act of 1935, 44 U.S.C. §§ 1501 et seq. (2000) • Administrative Procedure Act of 1946 (APA), 5 U.S.C. §§ 551 et seq. (2000) • § 553 Rulemaking • § 554 Adjudications

14. Charles Evans Hughes _____________ Chief Justice, United States Supreme Court 1930 – 1941 Source: http://www.supremecourthistory.org/02_history/subs_timeline/images_chiefs/011.html

15. “Whatever the cause of the failure to give appropriate public notice of the change in the sections, with the result that the persons affected, the prosecuting authorities, and the courts, were alike ignorant of the alteration, the fact is that the attack in this respect was upon a provision which did not exist.” Source: Panama Refining Co. v. Ryan, 293 U.S. 388, 412-13 (1935) Source: http://www.supremecourthistory.org/02_history/subs_history/02_c11.html

16. 1946 Administrative Procedure Act 1936 Federal Register Act

17. FEDERAL AGENCY RULES

18. Publication of Agency Rules • Federal Register • Code of Federal Regulations

20. FR: Purpose • Centralized publication of key agency documents • Daily newspaper of the executive branch • Published daily (federal working days) since March 14, 1936 • Purpose---“To eliminate the problem of secret law“ (Cervase v. Office of the Federal Register, 580 F.2d 1166, 1171 (1978))

21. FR: Organization • Overall issues---chronological arrangement • like Statutes at Large • Individual issues---”section” arrangement

22. FR: Indexing • Cumulates quarterly • Annual index in December edition • Indexed by agency and topic

23. FR: Online Resources • LexisNexis---FEDREG (1980 - ) • Westlaw---FR (1980 - ) • Internet---GPO Access (1994 - )http://www.gpoaccess.gov/fr/index.html

24. Codification of . . . • General and permanent rules and regulations . . . • Currently in force.

25. CFR: Organization • 50 titles (200+ volumes) • Re-published annually (quarterly installments) • Title 3---Presidential Documents

26. CFR: Numbering System21 C.F.R. § 102.41

27. CFR: Indexes • CFR Index and Finding Aids • CIS Index to the Code of Federal Regulations

28. CFR: Online Resources • LexisNexis & Westlaw (CFR) • Within two weeks of publication • Internet---GPO Access • http://www.gpoaccess.gov/cfr/index.html • NARA’s eCFR • http://www.gpo.gov/ecfr

29. CFR: Updating

30. FEDERAL AGENCY DECISIONS

31. Agency Decisions (Print) • Finding names of official reporters • Bluebook, pp. 187-188 • Appendix D in Cohen, Berring & Olson’s, How to Find the Law • Finding bound series of decisions • Loose-leaf services (BNA, RIA, CCH)

32. Agency Decisions (Online) • Westlaw • FADMIN-ALL • LexisNexis • FEDAGN • GPO Access • http://www.gpoaccess.gov/executive.html • University of Virginia • http://www.law.virginia.edu/admindec

33. Updating Agency Decisions • United States Administrative Citations • Topical Shepard's Citators • Shepard's Labor Law Citations • Shepard's Federal Tax Citator • Shepard’s Intellectual Property Law Citations • Shepard’s Federal Energy Law Citations • Westlaw (KeyCite) and LexisNexis (Shepard’s)

34. STATE AGENCY RULES AND DECISIONS

35. Washington: Print Resources • Rules • Washington State Register • Washington Administrative Code (WAC) • Decisions • Ch. 5 in Washington Legal Researcher’s Deskbook

36. Washington: Online Resources • LexisNexis (STREGS) • WAC and State Register • Westlaw (WA-ADC) • WAC • Municipal Research & Services Center • http://www.legalwa.org

37. Other States • BNA’s Directory of State Administrative Codes and Registers • Westlaw • Administrative Codes – Individual States • LexisNexis • STREGS

38. HELPFUL HINTS

39. Looseleafs • Provide one or more: • One-stop shopping • Full text of relevant statutes and regs • Commentary • Helpful references to other relevant sources • Legal Looseleafs in Print • Diving in

40. Parallels

41. Two Gallagher Shortcuts • Research Guide on Administrative Law Research • http://lib.law.washington.edu/ref/admin.htm • Washington Legal Researcher’s Deskbook • Ch. 3: Fundamentals (pp. 64 - 69) • Ch. 5: Administrative Materials & Decisions)

42. WHERE WE’VE BEEN • Overview of Administrative Law & History • Federal Agency Rules • Federal Agency Decisions • State Agency Rules and Decisions • Helpful Hints

43. GOOD LUCK THIS SUMMER!