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So how do you revise at the sentence level? . Is this just editing for errors? How does this fit in with global revision? What type of problems do I look for? How do I identify those problems and fix them? . Is this just editing for errors?.
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So how do you revise at the sentence level? • Is this just editing for errors? • How does this fit in with global revision? • What type of problems do I look for? • How do I identify those problems and fix them?
Is this just editing for errors? • Making sentence level revisions is not the same as editing! • BA 9 asks you to “edit for emphasis and conciseness” • Moving important words to the beginning or end of the sentence. • Arrange your sentences in climatic order. • Eliminate redundant words. • Delete empty words • Replace wordy phrases • Simplify grammatical structures • These are different than editing for comma errors, spelling errors, sentence fragments etc.
How does this fit in with global revision? • Sharpening the Focus • Improving the Organization • Strengthening the Content • Clarifying the Point of View • Engaging the Audience • Sentence-level revisions • When you sentences are more concise, emphatic, and interesting, your reader wants to keep reading!
What type of problems do I look for? How do I identify those problems and fix them? • First, identify your purpose • Purpose guides revision. • What is the desired tone? • Who is your audience? • How familiar are they with your topic? • Next, follow these steps to correcting sentence-level problems
Topic Sentence • Does it transition smoothly from the preceding paragraph? • Does it reflect all that the paragraph discusses? • Does it connect to the thesis?
Sentence Length • Using the paragraph you brought with you, count the number of words in each sentence and write down the number (exclude quotations). • Do several of the sentences contain the same number of words? • Keep this in mind when you begin Brief Assignment 9: Revisions at the Sentence Level. Can some of these sentences be altered to provide variation to the sentence length/structure?
Sentence Openings • Using the paragraph you brought with you, write down the first four words of each sentence in the paragraph (excluding direct quotations). • Do the sentences begin with different word forms: article adjectives, nouns, prepositions (of, to, before, after, etc.), subordinating conjunctions (after, because, so that, etc.), or relative pronouns (which, who,that, etc.)? • Keep this in mind when you begin Brief Assignment 9: Revisions at the Sentence Level. If many of the openings are the same or very similar, consider how you might revise a few of these openings to provide variation. Consult section 44b for options.
Sentence Types • Using the paragraph you brought with you, determine how many sentences your paragraph contains of each type: simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex. • Are several of the sentences of the same type? • Keep this in mind when you begin Brief Assignment 9: Revisions at the Sentence Level. Select sentences that you can easily alter. Consult section 44c for options.
Source Material • Using the paragraph you brought with you, determine how much of the source material is directly quoted, partially quoted (integrated into your original sentence), and paraphrased. • Is each piece of source material in the same form? • Keep this in mind when you begin Brief Assignment 9: Revisions at the Sentence Level. Select which piece(s) can be easily altered. Consult chapter 15 for options.
Quotation Integration • Is each quotation in the paragraph introduced? • Is each quotation properly punctuated and cited? • Does a clear explanation follow that tells the reader what s/he is supposed to get from the quotation? • Does the quotation clearly relate to the thesis?
Revising for Emphasis • Use the closing and opening positions for emphasis: • To express his frustrations, Rodriguez uses strong words with emotional connotations, creating pathos. • Using strong words with emotional connotations to create pathos, Rodriguez expresses his frustrations. • Use climactic order: • Throughout his essay, Rodriguez expresses his frustrations, uses words with emotional connotations, and evokes sympathy from the reader. • Consult section 42a for additional guidance.
Revising for Conciseness • Eliminate redundant words • Using emotionally charged words, Rodriguez creates pathos and makes an emotional appeal to readers to evoke sympathy or empathy. • Eliminate empty words • angle, area, aspect, case, element, factor, field, kind, nature, scope, situation, thing, type • Focusing on the emotional aspects of words enables Rodriguez to describe the situation in which he grew up and the frustrating aspects of speaking a second language. • Replace wordy phrases • at the present time = now/today • in today’s society = today • at that point in time = then • due to the fact that = because • for the purpose of = for • Simplify sentence structure • Richard Rodriguez, who was the child of immigrant parents and came from a disadvantaged home, argues against bilingual education, which is a program in which students are taught in the native language.