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Progress and Challenges in Motor Vehicle Pollution Control The Role of Alternative Fuels

This overview discusses the progress and challenges in the control of motor vehicle pollution, with a focus on the use of alternative fuels. Topics covered include the benefits of alternative fuels, available alternative fuel vehicles, research and development challenges, and the potential long-term outcomes. The importance of reducing emissions, enhancing energy security, and promoting sustainable transportation is also highlighted.

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Progress and Challenges in Motor Vehicle Pollution Control The Role of Alternative Fuels

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  1. Progress and Challenges in Motor Vehicle Pollution ControlThe Role of Alternative Fuels

  2. Overview • Why Use Alternative Fuels? • What Alternative Fuel Vehicles are Available Now? • Alternative Fuel Vehicle R&D Challenges

  3. Why Use Alternative Fuels? • Petroleum Displacement • Energy Diversity • Air Quality Improvement • Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions • Domestic Economic Development

  4. Smog is Becoming Pervasive

  5. Air Pollution Problem Caused By Diesel Vehicles in Hong Kong • Taxis, goods vehicles and buses • 30% of vehicle population • 70% of all mileage • 98% of vehicle particulate emissions and 100% black smoke • 75% of vehicle NOx emissions • Cause of recent record high Air Pollution Index

  6. Suspended Particulate Matter Air Quality Trends in Japan

  7. Transportation Share of Emissions in US CO 79% NOx 53% VOCs 44% CO2 33% Particulates 25% Lead 13% SO2 7% • Still a major contributor, despite reductions in new vehicle emissions achieved over the last decade Source: EPA

  8. ÖL Different Automotive Fuels = Different Exhaust Emissions Formulation ? Blending with 5 - 12 different Components Gasoline + Additives Oxygenates ~200 HC Olefins Paraff./Napht. Aromatics HC + Air Different Combustion NOx CO2 CO PAH C6H6 PM SO2 + Additives Olefins ~300 HC Aromatics Naphtens Paraffins Formulation ? Different Crude Oils and Refineries Diesel

  9. Estimated World Oil Supply Source: EIA, Long Term World Oil Supply, July 28, 2000.

  10. Relative Greenhouse Gases 25 50 75 100 Zero or a Credit

  11. Alternative Transportation Fuels • Electricity • Ethanol • Hydrogen • Methanol • Natural Gas • Compressed • Liquefied • Propane (LPG) • 100% Biodiesel

  12. Alternative Fuel Vehicles Available Now • Ethanol • Natural Gas • Propane (LPG)

  13. Very Low Emissions Good Performance Lower Cost Fuel Limited Range, but Adequate for Most Applications Few Refueling Stations Higher Cost Vehicle Natural Gas Vehicles Ford Crown Victoria Ford F-150 Honda Civic New Flyer D40 LF Bus

  14. Low Emissions Good Performance Cost Similar to Gasoline Few Typical Refueling Stations, Many Potential Places to Refuel Higher Vehicle Cost Propane Vehicles Ford Club Wagon Ford F-150

  15. Ultrafine Particles Vary For Different Fuels Conventional Diesel G-DI Gasoline and LPG

  16. Low GHGs Less Reactive Subsidy Required to be Cost Competitive Ethanol Vehicles Ford Taurus Ford Ranger Chrysler Minivan

  17. Alternative Fuel Vehicle R&D Challenges • Ethanol Production from Cellulose • Reduce Natural Gas and Propane Vehicle Cost • Expand Refueling Infrastructure

  18. Long-term Outcomes With Alternative Fuels • Billions of gallons of oil displaced or reduced • Thousands of tons of emission reductions • Enhanced energy security and improved transportation sustainability

  19. Elements of an Alternative Fuels Strategy • Set a specific goal • Voluntary programs • Public Information • Fleet mandates • Grants and incentives

  20. “On the Road” Goals to Achieve Sustainable Vehicle Transportation Dramatically Improve “Emissions & Efficiency” Use Clean Alternative & Renewable Fuels Reduce Vehicle Miles Traveled

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