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FINAL WORD ON FREEDOM OF PRESS

FINAL WORD ON FREEDOM OF PRESS. RIGHT OF ACCESS. This right is generally granted, but not always Freedom of Information Act (1966)---Allows public access to all non-classified gov’t files; signed by Pres. Johnson with misgivings (Pushed by California Congressmen John Moss)

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FINAL WORD ON FREEDOM OF PRESS

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  1. FINAL WORD ON FREEDOM OF PRESS

  2. RIGHT OF ACCESS • This right is generally granted, but not always • Freedom of Information Act (1966)---Allows public access to all non-classified gov’t files; signed by Pres. Johnson with misgivings (Pushed by California Congressmen John Moss) • Electronic Freedom of Information Act (1996)---Requires agencies to put files online

  3. Executive Privilege • President’s have right to withhold information • Exception: U.S. v. Nixon (1974)---President’s generally have the right, except in criminal cases (Supreme Court ruled that President’s tapes must be turned over after the grand jury indictment against 7 Nixon aides, and president must obey subpoena for administration of justice)

  4. Shield Laws • Protect reporters from having to reveal their sources • Claim by Press: Without shield laws, sources “dry up” and would be unable to provide valuable information to public • Laws passed by the states, but not at the federal level (through Congress); all 49 states have varying laws in place (ONLY EXCEPTION: WYOMING)

  5. Defamation (injury of reputation) • Libel: defamation by written or printed words, pictures, or in any form other than by spoken words or gestures. • Slander: a malicious, false, and defamatory statement or report—verbal • Not protected by 1st Amendment • To win lawsuit, one must prove allegation’s were false, malicious, and damaged one’s reputation (difficult)

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