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Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance

Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance. Italy’s Advantages. The Renaissance began in Italy Spread through Europe From 1300 – 1600 Means rebirth The revival of art and learning Hoped to bring back the culture of classical Greece and Rome Led to new styles of art and literature

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Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance

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  1. Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance

  2. Italy’s Advantages • The Renaissance began in Italy • Spread through Europe • From 1300 – 1600 • Means rebirth • The revival of art and learning • Hoped to bring back the culture of classical Greece and Rome • Led to new styles of art and literature • Importance of the individual

  3. Three Advantages of Italy • Thriving cities • Northern Italy had large cities • Vs rest of Europe which was rural • Wealthy from overseas trade • After the plague, fewer laborers and less business • Merchants pursued other interests, such as art

  4. Merchants and the Medici • Wealthy merchant class developed • Dominated politics • Did not inherit social rank • City of Florence controlled by powerful banking family, the Medici • Ruled as dictators

  5. Lorenzo de Medici (aka Lorenzo the Magnificent)

  6. Looking to Greece and Rome • Renaissance scholars wanted to return to the learning of Greeks and Romans • Inspired by the Roman ruins in Italy • Western scholars studied ancient Latin manuscripts that were preserved in monasteries • Christian scholars fled to Rome with Greek manuscripts after Turks conquered Constantinople

  7. Renaissance scholar

  8. Classical and Worldly Values • A new outlook on life and art • Led to humanism, an intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievements • Vs. Medieval scholars, who focused on Christian teaching • Influenced artists and writers to focus on classical traditions • Subjects of classical learning – history, literature and philosophy (the “humanities”)

  9. Worldly Pleasures • Humanists believed a person could enjoy life without offending God • Although most people were devout Catholics, Renaissance life was secular – concerned with life here and now rather than the spiritual (religious) world • Wealthy people lived lavishly

  10. Patrons of the Arts • Church leaders and wealthy merchants spent huge amounts of money for art • Became patrons 0f the arts – someone who financially support artists • Donated art to cities to show how important they were

  11. The Renaissance Man • The ideal individual strove to master every area of study, including creating art • A man who excelled in many fields is a “Renaissance man” • Should be educated in classics, dance, sing, play music and write poetry

  12. The Renaissance Woman • Upper-class woman should also know the classics • Were expected to inspire art, but not create it • Little political influence

  13. The Renaissance Revolutionizes Art • Artistic styles changed • More realistic style copied from Greeks and Romans • Used new technique of perspective – showing three dimensions on a flat surface (objects that are further away are smaller)

  14. Use of perspective in Renaissance painting

  15. Medieval painting lacks perspective

  16. Realistic painting and sculpture • Emphasis on individuals led to paintings of prominent citizens (rather than only religious subjects) • More realistic depiction of human body • Michelangelo – painter • Sculpture showed people in natural positions and expressions that reveal personality • Donatello – sculptor (“David”)

  17. Painting by Michelangelo 1508

  18. Leonardo da Vinci • A Renaissance man: painter, sculptor, inventor, and scientist • Painted the “Mona Lisa” • Painted “The Last Supper”

  19. Raphael Advances Realism • Favorite subjects was Madonna and child • Greatest achievement was “The School of Athens”, showing some Renaissance figures as classical philosophers and their students

  20. “The School of Athens”

  21. A Few Italian Women Painters • Anguissola – known for her portraits of her sisters and of famous people • Gentileschi – painted strong, heroic women

  22. Painting by Artemisia Gentileschi

  23. Renaissance Writers Change Literature • Wrote in vernacular (native language), rather than Latin • Wrote for self-expression or to portray the individuality of their subjects • Petrarch – writer considered father of humanism; wrote poetry • Boccaccio – wrote the Decameron - series of realistic stories – humorous with tragedy and comedy • Vittoria Colonna – woman writer • Machiavelli – wrote The Prince, explaining how a ruler should gain and keep power, by sometimes lying or tricking the people for the good of the state

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