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System Design

System Analysis and Design. System Design. - Mr. Ahmad Al-Ghoul. Learning Objectives. Explain the concept of user interface design and human-computer interaction Explain the user rights Discuss several types of user interfaces. Introduction.

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System Design

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  1. System Analysis and Design System Design - Mr. Ahmad Al-Ghoul

  2. Learning Objectives • Explain the concept of user interface design and human-computer interaction • Explain the user rights • Discuss several types of user interfaces System Analysis and Design System Design

  3. Introduction • The user interface (UI) is the system which helps users communicate with the computer system and/or the application system • UI Consists of all the hardware, software, screens, menus, functions, and features that affect two-way communications between the user and the computer • A good user interface provides a unifying structure for finding, viewing and invoking the different components of a system System Analysis and Design System Design

  4. User Interface Design • Evolution of the User Interface • In older systems, analysts designed all the printed and screen output first, then worked on the inputs necessary to produce the results • In older systems interface mainly consisted of Process-control screens that allowed the users to send commands to a system • A process control screen (also known as a dialog screen) is part of the user interface, and enables a user to initiate or control system actions. • A process-control screens worked will with traditional systems that simply transformed input data into structured output • As information management evolved from centralized data processing to dynamic, enterprise-wide systems, the primary focus also shifted — from the IT department to the users themselves System Analysis and Design System Design

  5. User Interface Design • Evolution of the User Interface • In modern systems, the main focus is on users within and outside the company, how they communicate with the information system, and how the system supports the firm’s business operations • In modern systems most users work with varied mix of input, screen output, and data queries • To perform users day-to-day job, the user interface is a vital element in the systems design phase • Requires an understanding of human-computer interaction and user-centered design principles System Analysis and Design System Design

  6. User Interface Design • Compare the traditional, processing-centered system at the top of the figure to the modern, user-centered information system at the bottom. Notice the change in the role of the IT department. [1] System Analysis and Design System Design

  7. User Interface Design • Human-Computer Interaction • A user interface is based on basic principles of human-computer interaction • Human-computer interaction (HCI) describes the relationship between computers and people who use them to perform business-related tasks • User interface includes all communications and instructions necessary to enter input to the system and to obtain output in the form of screen displays or printed reports • Your main objective is to create a user-friendly design that is easy to learn and use System Analysis and Design System Design

  8. User Interface Design • Human-Computer Interaction • Dr. Clare-Marie Karat IBM usability expert, states that “in this new computer age, the customer is not only right, the customer has rights.” • The user rights cited by Dr. Karat include • Perspective: the user is always right • Installation: the user has the right to install and uninstall software and hardware systems easily without negative consequences • Compliance: the user has the right to a system that performs exactly as promised • Instruction: the user has the right to easy-to-use instructions to achieve desired goals and recover efficiently from problem situations • Control: the user has the right to be in control of the system and to be able to get the system to respond to a request for attention System Analysis and Design System Design

  9. User Interface Design • Human-Computer Interaction • The user rights cited by Dr. Karat include • Feedback: the user has the right to a system that provides clear, understandable, and accurate information • Dependencies: the user has the right to be informed clearly about all systems requirements for successfully using software or hardware • Scope: the user has the right to know the limits of the system’s capabilities • Assistance: the user has the right to communicate with the technology provider and receive a thoughtful and helpful response when raising concerns • Usability: the user has the right to be the master of software and hardware technology, not vice versa System Analysis and Design System Design

  10. User-computer interface design User Interface design: There are various types of user interface designs, each of which has a typical character and ability. • The design type is required to be suitable to the system’s duties and to its users who will interact directly with the computers • Natural-language interfaces • Question-and-answer interfaces • A menu interface • Form-fill interfaces • Command-language interfaces • Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) System Analysis and Design System Design

  11. Interface designs Natural language • Natural-language interfaces permit users to interact with the computer in their everyday or "natural" language • Inputs to and outputs from system are in a conventional speaking language like English • Based on research in artificial intelligence • Current implementations are tedious and difficult to work with, not as viable as other interaction methods System Analysis and Design System Design

  12. Interface designs Question-and-answer interfaces • The computer displays a question for the user on the screen • The user enters an answer via the keyboard • The computer acts on that input information in a preprogrammed manner • New users may find the question-and-answer interface most comfortable System Analysis and Design System Design

  13. Interface designs A Menu Interface • A menu interface, which provides the user with an onscreen list of available selections • A specific command is invoked by user selection of a menu option • Two common placement methods • Pop-up • Drop-down • A nested menu is a menu which can be reached through another menu • The advantages of nested menus are • Nested menus eliminate menu options which do not interest a user • Nested menus allow users to move quickly through the program System Analysis and Design System Design

  14. Interface designs • Guidelines for Menu Design • Wording: meaningful titles, clear command verbs, mixed upper/lower case • Organization: consistent organizing principle • Length: all choices fit within screen length • Selection: consistent, clear and easy selection methods • Highlighting: only for selected options or unavailable options System Analysis and Design System Design

  15. Interface designs • Graphical User Interface (GUI) Menus • GUI menus guidelines • The main menu is always on the screen • The main menu uses single words • The main menu should have secondary menus grouped into similar features • The secondary drop-down menus often consist of more than one word • Secondary options perform actions or display additional menu options • Menu items in gray are unavailable for the current activity System Analysis and Design System Design

  16. Interface designs Form: Filling in the form is a popular type of dialogue on data and data processing. • Form-fill interfaces are onscreen forms displaying fields containing data items or parameters that need to be communicated to the user • Forms are displayed on the screen similarly to the way tables are arranged. The screen also displays form name, field name and instruction information. • Form-fill interfaces may be implemented using the Web System Analysis and Design System Design

  17. Interface designs • Advantages of using a Web-based form • User enters the data • Data may be entered 24 hours a day, globally • Disadvantages of a Web-based form • The user may not know what to enter if the form is not clear • User might be nervous about using a credit card over the Internet System Analysis and Design System Design

  18. Interface designs Command-Language Interfaces: This is a wide but simple area consisting of both simple commands and grammatically complicated commands. • Allow the user to control the application with a series of keystrokes, commands, phrases, or some sequence of these • A command will result in a move of the system when it is entered by the user. • The most significant advantage of command-language is that its flexibility is limited by the language’s grammar only. • it takes time for users to learn by heart the commands and users are required to have a background knowledge of the system in case there are no information displayed on the screen. • command-language asks for great efforts while developing it. • It is suitable for users who are professionals. System Analysis and Design System Design

  19. Interface designs Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) • GUIs provide a strong metaphor of the application • Allow direct manipulation of the graphical representation on the screen • Can be accomplished with keyboard input, joystick, or mouse • Requires more system sophistication than other interfaces System Analysis and Design System Design

  20. Sequence Summary • In older systems interface mainly consisted of Process-control screens that allowed the users to send commands to a system • In modern systems most users work with varied mix of input, screen output, and data queries • A variety of user interfaces can be used, some interfaces are particularly well suited to inexperienced users, such as natural language, question and answer, menus, form-fill and web-based form-fill. Command language is better suited with experienced users • Combinations of interfaces can be extremely effective System Analysis and Design System Design

  21. Sequence Summary • In this Sequence we have • Defined the term user interface • Discussed the evolution of the user interface • Defined and discussed the term human-computer interaction (HCI) • Explained the user rights cited by Dr. Karat • Explained the concept of user interface design and human-computer interaction • Discussed several types of user interfaces include: • Natural-language interfaces • Question-and-answer interfaces • A menu interface • Form-fill interfaces • Command-language interfaces • Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) System Analysis and Design System Design

  22. Reference [1] System Analysis and Design, Sixth Edition Authors: Gary B. Shelly, Thomas J. Cashman and Harry J. Rosenblatt Publisher: SHELLY CASHMAN SEWIES. [2] system analysis and design, sixth edition Authors: Kenneth E. Kendall and Julie E. Kendall Publisher: Prentice Hall [3] Modern Systems Analysis and Design Third Edition Authors: Jeffrey A. Hoffer , Joey F. George, Joseph S. Valacich Publisher: prentice hall System Analysis and Design System Design

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