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Windows Server 2003 硬碟管理與磁碟機陣列

Windows Server 2003 硬碟管理與磁碟機陣列. 林寶森 jeffl@ms11.hinet.net. What Is Disk Management?. A snap-in located in Computer Management Use to view disk information and perform disk management tasks on local and remote computers

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Windows Server 2003 硬碟管理與磁碟機陣列

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  1. Windows Server 2003硬碟管理與磁碟機陣列 林寶森 jeffl@ms11.hinet.net

  2. What Is Disk Management? • A snap-in located in Computer Management • Use to view disk information and perform disk management tasks on local and remote computers • Enables you to perform most disk-related tasks without shutting down the system or interrupting users

  3. compmgmt - [Computer Management (Local)\Storage\Disk Management] Action View Computer Management (Local) System Tools Storage Removable Storage Disk Defragmenter Logical Drives Disk Management Server Applications and Services Volume (C:) Layout Partition Type Basic Select disk Select partition or volume Disk Management Open Explore Change Drive Letter and Path… Format… Delete Partition… Properties Help Upgrade to Dynamic Disk… Properties Help Refresh Rescan Disks Restore Basic Disk Configuration… New All Tasks View Help Mark Partition Active Disk 0 (C:) 1.37 GB NTFS Healthy (System) Basic 3.02 GB Online Using Disk Management

  4. C: C: D: D: E: E: F: G: F: H: Organizing a Basic Disk Primary partitions Extended partition with logical drives Up to three primary partitions and one extended partition with logical drives Up to four primary partitions -OR-

  5. Creating Partitions and Drives Creating a partition Creating a logical drive

  6. Assigning Drive Letters Assigned C:I: Primary Disk 0 F: G: Disk 1 Logical H: D: Disk 2 Primary Disk 3 Primary E:

  7. Changing a Drive Letter

  8. What Is a Mounted Drive? • Is assigned a path rather than a drive letter • Can unify different file systems on a logical drive • Allows you to add more drives without using up drive letters

  9. Creating a Mount Point Before adding a mount point After adding a mount point

  10. Purpose of a Mounted Drive • Adds volumes to systems without adding separate drive letters for each new volume • Disk Management assigns a drive path to the drive rather than a drive letter • Drive paths retain their association to the drive • Add or rearrange storage devices without the drive path failing • Increases number of drives, not storage space • Manages data storage based on working environment and system usage

  11. Deleting a Partition

  12. Basic Storage Dynamic Storage C: Simple volume C: Striped volume Spanned volume D: D: Primary partitions E: -or- E: RAID-5 volume F: Extended partition with logical drives G: F: Mirrored volume H: Disk Storage Types

  13. Basic Disks vs. Dynamic Disks

  14. Converting a Basic Disk to a Dynamic Disk Disk Management DiskPart

  15. Results of Dynamic Disk Conversion • Can convert a disk from basic to dynamic storage at any time without losing data • Dynamic disks are associated with Disk Groups • Disk Groups help you organize dynamic disks • Each disk in a Disk Group stores replicas of the same configuration data • Windows initializes the disk with a Disk Group identity and a copy of the current Disk Group configuration • Existing partitions on the basic disk become volumes • Dynamic disks can be reverted back to basic disks • Disk structure and data is not maintained • Back up data before reverting

  16. Creating a Volume • A simple volume resides on a single dynamic disk • To create a spanned or striped volume, you must have two or more dynamic disks

  17. Creating Simple Volumes Simple Volumes: • Contain Space on a Single Disk • Can Use NTFS, FAT, or FAT32 • Can be created only on dynamic disks • Are Created with the Create Volume Wizard • Can Be Extended if Formatted as NTFS • Can Be Mirrored

  18. Extending a Volume • Created by extending onto unallocated space on the same disk or a different disk • You cannot extend a volume that contains a system or boot volume

  19. Disk 1 New Volume (G) 100 MB NTFS Healthy 3994 MB Unallocated Dynamic 4094 MB Online Disk 2 New Volume (G) 100 MB NTFS Healthy 3994 MB Unallocated Dynamic 4094 MB Online Empty Empty Empty Data Creating Spanned Volumes Free space combined into one logical volume Data written to first disk until full, then to next disk in volume

  20. = Software Implementations of RAID Supported by Windows Server 2003 RAID 0 Disk striping RAID 1 Disk mirroring RAID 2 Disk striping with error-correction code (ECC) RAID 3 Disk striping with ECC stored as parity RAID 4 Disk striping large blocks; parity stored on one drive RAID 5 Disk striping with parity distributed across multiple drives RAID Systems • Hardware Disk Array Supports • RAID 0 + 1 • RAID 1 + 5

  21. Disk 1 New Volume (G) 100 MB NTFS Healthy 3994 MB Unallocated Dynamic 4094 MB Online Disk 2 New Volume (G) 100 MB NTFS Healthy 3994 MB Unallocated Dynamic 4094 MB Online 64 KB 64 KB 64 KB Creating Striped Volumes Free space combined into one logical volume Data written across all disks in 64-KB units

  22. How Striped Volume Works Disk 1 Disk 2 Disk 3

  23. Disk 0 Disk 1 Fault Tolerance Driver C: F: ´ Ftdisk.sys D: D : E: G: RAID 1: Mirrored Volume

  24. Raid 5: Stripe Sets with Parity Disk 1 Disk 2 Disk 3 Disk 4 Disk 5 Parity Parity Parity Parity Parity Parity Parity Information

  25. Raid 1 vs. Raid 5 Mirrored Volume RAID-5 Volume • Supports FAT and NTFS • Supports FAT and NTFS • Can mirror system or boot partition • Cannot stripe system or boot partition • Requires two hard disks • Requires minimum of three hard disks • Has higher cost per megabyte(50 percent utilization) • Has lower cost per megabyte • Has good read and write performance • Has moderate write performance • Has excellent read performance • Uses less system memory • Requires more system memory • Supports up to 32 hard disks

  26. Recovering a Failed Mirrored Volume • Recover a disk identified as Offline,Missing, or Online (Errors) Disk 1 Disk 2 D: D': • When Reactivate Disk fails to recover the mirrored volume, replace the failed diskand reestablish themirrored volume Reactivate Disk Disk 1 Disk 2 Disk 2 D: D': Remove Mirror Add Mirror

  27. Boot Disk Boot Disk Boot Disk Creating a Fault Tolerance Boot Disk Format a disk using Windows Server 1 Copy the necessary files 2 Boot.ini Modify Boot.ini 3 Test the boot disk 4

  28. Understanding ARC Paths multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(1)partition(2) No BIOS multi(0) scsi(0) rdisk(0) rdisk(1) disk(0) partition(1) partition(1) partition(1) partition(2) partition(2)

  29. Parity Parity Parity Parity Parity Parity Recovering a Failed RAID-5 Volume • Recover a disk identified as Offline,Missing, or Online (Errors) Disk 1 Disk 2 Disk 3 Parity Parity Parity Parity Parity Parity Reactivate Disk • When Reactivate Disk fails to recover the RAID-5 volume, replace the failed disk and regenerate the RAID-5 volume Disk 1 Disk 2 Disk 3 Regenerate Volume on New Disk Replace Failed Disk

  30. Managing Volumes on Disks • Deleting Spanned Volume and Striped Volume • Deleting a spanned volume or striped volume deletes all of the data that the volume contains • You can delete entire volume only • Repairing and Deleting RAID-5 Volume • Repairing a RAID-5 volume requires additional disk with sufficient free space • Deleting a RAID-5 volume deletes all data that the volume contains • You can delete entire RAID-5 volume only

  31. Disk 0 Basic 1908 MB Online CDRom 0 CDRom No Media Refresh Rescan Disks Restore Basic Disk Configuration… New All Tasks View Help Adding Disks • Adding a New Disk • Adding Disks from Other Computers • Failed: Incomplete Volume and Failed Redundancy Mean Disk is Missing from Volume Import Foreign Disk

  32. What Is a Foreign Disk? • A dynamic disk when moved to a local computer from another computer running: • Windows2000 Professional and Server family • WindowsXP Professional • Windows Server 2003 family • A disk moved within the same system, in some cases • A disk moved from a disk group to another computer that contains its own disk group can be displayed as a foreign disk

  33. Moving Dynamic Disks • When moving a dynamic disk, select import foreign disk to update the dynamic database on the newly added disk • When moving multi-disk volumes, move all disks in the volume at the same time Moving a disk

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