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Lactogenesis and Composition of Breast Milk

Lactogenesis and Composition of Breast Milk. I. General Information A. Embryologically: belong to integument B. Functionally: part of reproductive system C. Modified apocrine sweat glands. II. Anatomy

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Lactogenesis and Composition of Breast Milk

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  1. Lactogenesis and Composition of Breast Milk

  2. I. General Information A. Embryologically: belong to integument B. Functionally: part of reproductive system C. Modified apocrine sweat glands

  3. II. Anatomy • Position and Attachment • 1. Lateral aspect of pectoral region • 2. Located between ribs 3 and 6/7 • 3. Extend form sternum to axilla • 4. Surrounded by superficial fascia • 5. Rest on deep fascia

  4. Breast Anatomy

  5. Structure, continued … Secretory epithelium a. Changes with hormonal signals b. Onset of menstruation c. Pregnancy (glands begin to enlarge at 2nd month)

  6. Structure, continued … • Vessels & Nerves • 1. Arteries: derived from thoracic branches • a. Axillary arteries • b. Internal mammary arteries c. Intercostal arteries

  7. Vessels & Nerves, continued … • Veins a. form a ring around the base of the nipple (“circulus venosus”) • b. External mammary v to axillary v • c. Internal mammary v to subclavian v

  8. Breast Anatomy, con’t… • Nerve Innervation: derived from: • a. anterior & lateral cutaneous nerves of thorax • b. spinal segments T3 – T6

  9. Lymphatics Subclavian nodes Axillary nodes Parasternal nodes Lateral pectoral nodes

  10. Lactation: four stages Mammogenesis Lactogenesis Galactokinesis Galactopoiesis

  11. Mammogenesis • From 24th week of pregnancy • Growth of ducts and lobuloalveolar systems • Hormonal influences- estrogen, adrenal steroids, progesterone, estrogen, prolactin, adrenal steroids and growth hormone

  12. Lactogenesis I • Begins during pregnancy • Alveoli distend with colostrum Lactogenesis II • Initiation of significant milk secretion at or just after parturition- colostrum • Mature milk secretion begins 30-40 hours postpartum and averages 1-2 ml/g of breast tissue /day

  13. Lactogenesis III • Milk supply is more firmly established- autocrine control system begins • More the milk is removed from the breasts, more the breast will produce milk

  14. Galactokinesis • Ejection of Milk • Suction exerted by the baby during suckling • Contractile mechanism • Draught sensation

  15. Lactation Reflex

  16. Galactopoiesis • Maintenance Of Lactation • Prolactin • Sucking

  17. Composition of Breast Milk (gms/100ml) • Sugar : 7 • Fat : 3.5 • Protein : 1.2 • Minerals : 0.4 • Water : 89 • Calories : 67

  18. ‘Breast fed infants, are Healthy Infants’

  19. THANK YOU

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