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Explore external and internal anatomy, variations, and importance of self-exams. Discuss societal norms and personal reflections on body image and health.
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Chapter 2 Our Sexual and Reproductive Anatomy
Personal Reflections Do you use sexual slang terms (a) to refer to your genitalia, or (b) when you are upset? Why? If you do, list the terms you use, then write down the correct word next to each. Say each correct term out loud a few times. Are you comfortable doing so? Could you use these terms in normal conversation without being embarrassed or uncomfortable? If you cannot, why not?
External Female Genitalia Vulva “Vagina” Anus
The Vulva The labia are parted to show the vaginal and urethral openings.
Feelings about one’s genitalia are related to enjoyment of sexual activity.
The clitoris has as many nerve endings as an entire penis! Clitoral hood (prepuce) Clitoris Clitoral circumcision
The Vaginal Opening Vestibular area Bulbocavernosus muscle Vestibular Urethra
The Truth about Hymens Hymen First intercourse and hymen tearing
More About Breasts Estrogen Mammary and ducts in nipple Areola Fatty tissue between glands
Breast Augmentation Exercises and lotions ineffective Cosmetic surgery and implant leaks Leaks not been found to be linked to cancer or other disease 25% breast implants (silicone or saline) develop painful fibrous capsules
Personal Reflections Do you wish you had different-sized or different-shaped breasts? How would you like to be different? Why? Should a woman’s breast size be an important factor in pleasing her partner? Why?
Personal Reflections (women) Do you regularly examine your breasts for abnormal lumps? If the answer is no, why not? The CDC reports that nearly 85% of women aged 40 or older have had a mammogram. If you are in this age group and have not had one, why not?
Internal Female Anatomy Vagina Elastic walls Lubrication with arousal Self-cleaning and douching Pubococcygeus (PC) muscle. G-Spot
The Uterus: Tiny but Powerful Cervix Perimetrium Myometrium Endometrium
Fallopian Tubes Fingerlike fimbria Site of fertilization Cilia Ectopic (tubal) pregnancies Tubal ligation sterilization
Gynecological Exam Things to Consider Find a doctor with whom you are comfortable. Ask questions. “Pap test” is not same as a test for STIs. If you want to be tested for STIs be sure to make that clear when you make your appointment.
Cancer of the Cervix Causes Early detection: Pap and HPV tests Detected early, most abnormal cervical cells can be treated effectively and do not develop into cancer
Personal Reflections The CDC report that 91% t0 93% of women 18 years old and older have had a Pap smear test. Have you? Have you had one within the last year? If not, why not?
Cancer of the Endometrium and Ovaries First symptoms of endometrial cancer Ovarian cancer is rare but deadly
External Male Anatomy Penis Foreskin Scrotum and testicles
Which penis is “normal” and which is “natural?” It’s a cultural thing.
Personal Reflections If you should have a son, would you have him circumcised? Why or why not? Have you been experiencing any discomfort or anxiety when you first looked at the figures in this chapter? Have you been able to examine your own genitals without feelings of guilt or anxiety? If not, why do you think you have negative feelings about looking at this part of your body?
The penis and scrotum Penis – glans, shaft and root Peyronie’s Disease Normal curvature Scrotum
Testicular Cancer and Self Examination Incidence and age Highest risk Testicular cancer and masturbation
Monthly Testicular Self Exam • Common sign is painless small lump or enlargement of one testicle • Testicles change from month to month • Examination best after warm shower or bath
Semen is just 1% sperm! Seminal vessicles about 70% of seminal volume Prostate gland about 30% of semen Cowpers (aka Bulbourethral) glands Urethra – passageway for semen
True or False? Withdrawal is an effective form of birth control.
Personal Reflections (men) If you are over 50 years old (or 45 if you are African American), have you been to a doctor for a prostate examination? If not, why not?
Our Sexiest Organ: The Brain Cerebral cortex Limbic system Hypothalamus Pituitary Gland