ECE 265 – Lecture 12

1. ECE265 ECE 265 – Lecture 12 The Hardware Interface

2. Lecture Overview • The Hardware Interface • The pins • Special Characteristics of the ports • Software control of I/O Port lines • REF: Chapters 1,6, and 9 plus the 68HC11 reference manual. ECE265

3. The hardware pins • The hardware pins • Power and Ground • Timing • Interrupt • Port A – I/O lines (restricted in how used) • Port B – Output extended addressing • Port C – Bidirectional I/O • Port D – 5 bit port for serial I/O • Port E – 8 analog inputs ECE265

4. Accessing I/O ports • This is a memory mapped architecture • I/O done by writing to specific memory address • The ports • Port A – At address $1000 • Used for either • General-purpose I/O but 3 are Inputs/4 outputs/1 bidirectional • Output compare • Input capture • Pulse-accumulator applications • Linked with the internal timers on the 68HC11 (more later) ECE265

5. Port A • The direction of Port A signal lines • Note that • 3 pins input • 4 pins output • 1 bidirectional ECE265

6. The I/O ports • Port B – at address $1004 • An output port – has the dual use of being used for external addressing when the MPU is configured for extended memory mode. • Port C – at address $1003 • All the lines are bidirectional • The Port C data direction register DDRC is at $1007 • This register configures the direction of the pins of the port. ECE265

7. Port C configuration example • Note configuration ECE265

8. The ports • Port D – only a 6 pin port - at $1008 • Lines can be configured as general bidirectional I/O lines • The lines can be used for both asynchronous and synchronous serial communication. • The port is set up to implement a SPI – Serial Parallel Interface • SPI interface – allows communication with a peripheral or communication between processors in a multiple master MPU system. • The SPI interface is one where data is simultaneously transmitted and received. It has two data lines MISO and MOSI for this. • This is detailed in chapter 8 of the chip manual. • Port D data direction register - $1009 ECE265

9. Port D • Port D can also be used to implement an asynchronous serial interface sometimes referred to as a UART system. • The system implements a full duplex UART-type system. • Multiple control registers are use and can be accessed. • SCCR1 ($102C), SCCR2 ($102D), SCCR ($102E), SCDR ($102F), BAUD ($102B), SPCR ($1028), SPSR ($1029), SPDR ($102A) ECE265

10. The interrupt lines • Allow the processor to respond to an external device and ‘service’ the device. • This is done by asserting a signal on an input pin to the processor. • When asserted the processor finishes the current instruction and then starts execution of the interrupt service routine. • When the service routine is completed, processing continues from where it was interrupted. • At the start of the routine the registers are placed on the stack. • The routine end with the RTI instruction which causes restoration of the registers and return to the point at which execution was interrupted. ECE265

11. Who is interrupting me? • Interrupts are generated either from the two external pins, IRQ and XIRQ or internally from various on chip devices. • The table lists the interrupt sources on the chip. ECE265

12. Handling an interrupt • You need attention – your action? Raise your hand • A peripheral or internal device needs attention • Generate an interrupt • What needs to happen to service and interrupt • Instruction executed in response to an interrupt are called the interrupt service routine • Interrupt happen asynchronously • The current instruction will complete execution • All of the registers are saved on the stack ECE265

13. Saving registers • When an interrupt occurs the current instruction completes and then the registers are stacked • ORDER (remember stack is First In Last Out) • PCL – Program Counter Low • PCH – Program Counter High • IYL • IYH • IXL • IXH • ACCA • ACCB • CCR • After CCR is stacked, the I bit of the CCR is set • If there is a pending XIRQ’ interrupt, the X bit is set ECE265

14. Getting to service routine • After saving the state of the processor, the next step is getting to the code of the correct service routine. • Program counter is loaded with the 2 bytes in a interrupt vector table that is located at $FFxx addresses. • As these addresses are ROM, some systems set these up such that they have value $00xx. At these addresses is an unconditional jump, JMP op code 7E, to the service routine. ECE265

15. Interrupt table ECE265

16. Interrupt flow of execution • Interrupt occurs • Current instruction in execution completes • Registers are pushed onto stack • New PC address is obtained from the 2 byte address for that type interrupt • Example – Real Time interrupt - $FF00 and $FF01 • Example – Timer IC2F - $FFEC and $FFED • IRQ pin – Maskable interrupt – $FFF2 and $FFF3 • SWI instruction – Software Intr - $FFF6 and $FFF7 • Execution continues from that address • MEM(PC)  IR • PC + 1  PC ECE265

17. Interrupt action continued • At that address, as shown previously, is a jump instruction for an unconditional jump to the interrupt service routine. • When service routine completes it does so with an RTI – Return from interrupt instruction. • As shown in the instruction action for the RTI • The registers are restored • Then the PC is restored to continue execution of the interrupted program ECE265

18. Lecture summary • Have looked at the ports of the 68HC11 • Have looked at some specifics of 68HC11 interrupt handling and interrupt handling in general. ECE265

19. Assignment • HW 9 Get to a THR simulator • Complete Project Step 1 • Due Friday May 20 • Work alone or in groups of 2. If working in a group of 2, be sure both names are clearly on the submission, but only 1 submits it to the drop box. ECE265