Great Ideas of the Renaissance

1. Great Ideas of the Renaissance

2. Renaissance: • A French word meaning rebirth

3. A New Way of Thinking Middle Ages Renaissance Live in the here and now. Study the great thinkers of Greece and Rome • Life is hard • Work toward the reward you will receive in Heaven.

4. Humanism: • An intellectual movement that was based on the classical cultures of Greece and Rome • More people were taught to read and learned grammar, rhetoric, poetry and history.

5. Why Italy? • The Italians were surrounded by ancient buildings, ruins, coins, etc.

6. The Roman Colosseum

7. The Roman Forum

8. Italy during the Renaissance

10. Patrons: • Supporters of the arts

11. Lorenzo “Magnifico” De’ Medici The most famous patron in Italy

12. Art

13. Early Renaissance Painting • The works of art of this period feature mainly religious themes because the Roman Catholic Church was the main patron of these artists.

14. Giotto (1267 – 1337) • Giotto di Bondone (better known as just Giotto), was an Italian painter and architect. He is generally considered the first in a line of great artists who contributed to and developed the Italian Renaissance.

15. Giotto’s Frescos of Jesus • A fresco is a painting done on wet plaster. • As it dries the wet plaster absorbs the paint and the painting becomes part of the wall surface rather than resting on top of it. • This makes a durable work of art; if the wall is destroyed the painting can often be reassembled because of the size of the plaster parts.

16. Giotto

17. Botticelli (1445 – 1510) • Alessandro di Mariano Filipepi, better known as Sandro Botticelli was an Italian painter during the Renaissance. A portrait of Botticelli

18. Botticelli’s Annunciation • The Annunciation refers to the Bible story of the angel Gabriel speaking to Mary, the mother of Jesus.

19. Botticelli’s Primavera (Spring) • Botticelli used some mythological themes in some of his paintings. • From left to right are Mercury, the Three Graces, Venus, Flora, Chloris, and Zephyrus.

20. Botticelli’s Birth of Venus

21. Botticelli’s Birth of Venus • Botticelli's Venus was chosen to be the picture on the first Italian euro coins (2002).

22. Botticelli’s Paintings A fresco of the Three Graces

23. Michelangelo (1475 - 1564) • Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni, commonly known as Michelangelo, was a Renaissance sculptor, architect, painter, and poet. • Some people think he is the greatest artist that ever lived.

24. Michelangelo’s sculpture The Pieta David

25. A closer look at David • The sculpture is so famous that it has become iconic. • People recognize it instantly even when it is put into a cartoon or used in photographs.

26. The statue was cleaned in 2003 Michelangelo's masterpiece was given its first cleaning since 1873. It had been almost 500 years since it was hewn from a single block of marble and it took conservation experts more than six months to complete the incredibly delicate cleaning.

27. Michelangelo’s painting The ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican in Rome.

28. The Sistine Chapel “The Creation of Man”, a panel from the Sistine Chapel.

29. The Sistine Chapel Isaiah Ezekiel

30. The Last Judgment • The Last Judgment is a common theme in religious art. • The most famous is Michelangelo's "The Last Judgment" in the Sistine Chapel. • He portrays himself as St. Bartholomew's flayed skin.

31. Michelangelo’s Architecture • He designed St. Peter’s Basilica dome in the Vatican and the city hall on Capitoline Hill in Rome.

32. Michelangelo also designed the uniforms for the Swiss Guard, the Army that protects the pope. Only the fabric has changed to make the uniforms lighter and easier to wear. The Swiss Guard still use the same uniforms today.

33. Raphael (1483– 1520) • Raphael or Raffaello was a master painter and architect in the Italian High Renaissance. • He is celebrated for the perfection and softness of his paintings. • This painting is a self-portrait.

34. Raphael’s “The Sistine Madonna” • This detail from the Sistine Madonna is reproduced on everything from pillows to stationary.

35. Raphael’s “School of Athens” • The famous School of Athens is set in classical times. • Plato and Aristotle are shown in the center engaged in a philosophical discussion. Raphael painted Michelangelo into the picture after looking at the Sistine Chapel.

36. Raphael’s portraits Pope Julius II

37. Leonardo da Vinci (1452 - 1519) • Leonardo da Vinci was an architect, musician, anatomist, inventor, engineer, sculptor, geometer, and painter. • He has been described as a universal genius, a man both infinitely curious and infinitely inventive. • He is also said to be one of the greatest painters that ever lived. Self-portrait

38. da Vinci’s Mona Lisa • The Mona Lisa, an oil painting on poplar wood, is perhaps the most famous painting in art history. • Few other works of art are as romanticized, celebrated, or reproduced.

39. The Mona Lisa is another example of an iconic piece of art. The Mona Lizard Gary Larson’s “The Moona Lisa” The Simpson’s version of the “Mona Lisa”

40. da Vinci’s The Last Supper • This frescois one of the most well known and valued in the world; it has never been privately owned because it cannot be moved. • Leonardo was one of the first painters to effectively use perspective.

41. da Vinci’s Notebooks • Leonardo’s notebooks contain studies of human anatomy. A recent TV show copied his image for a poster.

42. Inventor • He envisioned inventions such as this idea for a type of helicopter.

43. da Vinci’s Notebooks • Leonardo's notebooks were on four main themes; architecture, elements of mechanics, painting, and human anatomy. • An armored tank designed by Leonardo included designs for the exterior and interior.

44. Literature

45. Renaissance Literature • Some famous authors of the Renaissance are Dante and Machiavelli from Italy, and Shakespeare from England.

46. Dante (1265 – 1321) • Durante Alighieri, better known as Dante, was an Italian Florentine poet. His greatest work, The Divine Comedy, is the basis of the modern Italian language. A fresco of Dante

47. Machiavelli (1469 - 1527) • Niccolò Machiavelliwas a Florentine political thinker and historian. • The Prince details the methods a leader can use to gain power. • According to Machiavelli, it is important that the leader be willing to do anything necessary to maintain power. • However, Machiavelli says that above all, the leader must not be hated.

48. Shakespeare (1564 – 1616) • William Shakespeare was an English poet and playwright. • Shakespeare is considered by many to be the greatest writer in the English language, and one of the greatest of all time.

49. Romeo and Juliet • Romeo and Juliet is a play about the fate of two young lovers who would do anything to be together. • It is the most famous of his plays and the most famous love story in history. “But, soft! what light through yonder window breaks? It is the east, and Juliet is the sun.”

50. Modern Adaptationsof Romeo and Juliet “O Romeo, Romeo! wherefore art thou Romeo? Deny thy father and refuse thy name; Or, if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love, And I'll no longer be a Capulet.”