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Spartan Civilization

Spartan Civilization. Spartan Social Structure:. Spartiates:. Perioeci:. Helots:. Women:. Spartan Social Structure:. Spartiates:. Perioeci:. Helots: Conquered peoples or their descendents Owned by the city-state Treated like slaves Second Messenian War. Women.

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Spartan Civilization

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  1. Spartan Civilization

  2. Spartan Social Structure: Spartiates: Perioeci: Helots: Women:

  3. Spartan Social Structure: Spartiates: Perioeci: • Helots: • Conquered peoples or their descendents • Owned by the city-state • Treated like slaves • Second Messenian War Women

  4. Spartan Social Structure: Spartiates: Perioeci: • Helots: • Revolts • Assigned to land (kleros) controlled by Spartiates • ½ of production to Spartiates Women

  5. Spartan Social Structure: Spartiates: Perioeci: • Helots: • War officially declared on them each year • Culling Women

  6. Spartan Social Structure: • Spartiates: • Homoioi • Serve in army • Vote • Full citizen rights Perioeci: Helots: Women

  7. Spartan Social Structure: Spartiates: • Perioeci: • “neighbors/ outsiders” • Freemen • Artisans, craftsmen, merchants • Could not own land Helots: Women

  8. Spartan Social Structure: Spartiates: • Perioeci: • Could not marry a Spartiate • No vote • No army • foreigners Helots: Women

  9. Spartan Social Structure: Spartiates: Perioeci: Helots: • Women: • Few political rights • Manage farms and households • More independent

  10. Reforms of Lycurgus: • iron money instead of gold and silver • requirement of eating in commons • living (for unmarried men) in rough-hewn barracks • destruction of the city walls to promote martial skill

  11. Reforms of Lycurgus: • re-dividing Spartan land, forcing it to be worked by Helots • system of government that divided power between king, Spartan citizens, the gerousia, and the ephors • educational system known as the agoge

  12. 5 Ephores = guardians yearly elections yearly elections Council of Elders Double kingship Agiade Eurypontide 28 plus 2 kings Army/Religion Apella Limnai Mesoa Kynosura Pitane Amyklai

  13. Spartan Government Mixed government: • Not a democracy • Not a monarchy • Not an oligarchy But: It contains elements of all of the above

  14. 5 Ephores = guardians yearly elections yearly elections Council of Elders Double kingship Agiade Eurypontide 28 plus 2 kings Army/Religion Apella Limnai Mesoa Kynosura Pitane Amyklai

  15. 5 Ephores = guardians yearly elections yearly elections Council of Elders Double kingship Agiade Eurypontide 28 plus 2 kings Army/Religion Apella Limnai Mesoa Kynosura Pitane Amyklai

  16. Spartan Government Kings (plural): • Two kings at one time – one can always veto the other • Hereditary kingship from Agiade and Eurypontide royal families • Priestly responsibilities • Generals who lead the Spartan army • Sit on the gerousia council

  17. Spartan Government Kings (plural): • Honorary duties: • Judges in many cases • Diplomatic appointments • Seat of honor including a double portion at banquets • Consultation of the Oracle of Delphi • Adoptions, marriages, etc.

  18. 5 Ephores = guardians Council of Elders Double kingship 28 plus 2 kings Army/Religion Apella Limnai Mesoa Kynosura Pitane Amyklai

  19. Spartan Government • Apella citizen’s assembly: • every 30 year old Spartan male full citizen was entitled to attend the meetings • five original villages of Sparta (Limnai, Mesoa, Kynosura, Pitane, and Amyklai) • held at the time of each full moon

  20. 5 Ephores = guardians Council of Elders Double kingship Agiade Eurypontide 28 plus 2 kings Army/Religion Apella Limnai Mesoa Kynosura Pitane Amyklai

  21. Spartan Government • The Gerousia Spartan senate: • Council of Elders consisted of 28 members as well as the two kings • members had to be over the age of 60 and were elected for life • any Spartan citizen of the right age could stand but in practice members were selected from the most important aristocratic families

  22. Spartan Government • The Gerousia Spartan senate: • Prepared motions, rhetrai, for the citizen assembly, the Apella, to vote on • Could veto motions passed by the Apella • Consulted by the ephors in matters of interpretation of the law • Role of a court to try murder cases - and had the power to condemn, fine, or banish.

  23. 5 Ephores = guardians yearly elections yearly elections supervise supervise Council of Elders Double kingship supervise Agiade Eurypontide 28 plus 2 kings Army/Religion Apella Limnai Mesoa Kynosura Pitane Amyklai

  24. Spartan Government • The Ephors: • Most powerful part of Spartan government • Elected each year • Controlled the agoge, all judges, and Generals of the field • Dealt with foreign diplomats

  25. Spartan Government • The Ephors: • Controlled the Krypteria • In charge of the apella • Could over rule decisions of the apella and gerousia • End of the year tried by the people

  26. 5 Ephores = guardians Council of Elders Double kingship Agiade Eurypontide Apella 28 plus 2 kings Army/Religion Limnai Mesoa Kynosura Pitane Amyklai Perioeci: “those around” free but non-citizens Farming Helots, not slaves but tied to the land

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