Animal Science II

1. Animal Science II Principles of Animal Nutrition Adapted from: Amelia Fox North Iredell High School

2. Objective • Describe the six functions of a good ration

3. Rations • Maintenance of vital body processes to keep animals alive • Growth by increasing size • Bones, muscles, organs, tissue • Fattening • Storing nutrients • Not for maintenance or growth

4. Rations • Production • Milk • Eggs • Wool or hair • Reproduction • gestation, parturition and lactation • Work • Other needs must be met first • Most U.S. livestock do no work (horses)

5. Rations • 1/3 to ½ of the ration fed to livestock is used for body maintenance • Maintenance must be met before nutrients are available for other functions

6. Objective • Define roughage and concentrates in relation to an animal ration

7. Pasture Hay Roughage Silage Legume Straw Hulls Roughages • Contains more than 18% crude fiber when they are dry

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data:image/jpeg;base64,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 Roughages • Hay • Legumes

9. Roughages • Hulls • Straw

10. Roughages • Silage • http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADQ897.pdf • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZW4Bu7nYzhw • Pasture

11. Roughages • What’s the difference between hay and straw? • http://www.usaforage.org/products/straw-vs-hay/

12. Concentrates • Contains less than 18% crude fiber when they are dry • Grains-corn, oats, barley, wheat • By-products • Wheat bran • Cottonseed hulls

13. Concentrates • Liquid supplements • Molasses • Urea • Animal proteins • Meat scraps, fish, and blood meal • Plant proteins • Cottonseed meal • Soybean meal • Peanut meal

14. Objective • Explain the characteristics of a good ration

16. Good Rations • Balanced- has all nutrients needed in the right amounts and proportions at the least expense. • Palatable- tastes good so that animals will eat it. • Include a variety of feeds to improve palatability and make it easier to balance. • Succulent to make it fresh and appealing.

17. Good Rations • Bulky to satisfy hunger and help digestive system function properly. • Slightly laxative to improve feed efficiency and prevent constipation. • Low Cost- best nutritional value possible at lowest cost because feed costs are about 75% of the total costs of raising livestock. Price per pound of energy and digestible protein determine if the ration is economical.

18. Good Rations • Not harmful to health or quality of animal products. • Proper proportions of concentrates and roughages for type and age of animal. Examples: more roughages for cattle, more concentrate for swine and poultry, higher protein for younger animals, etc. • Uniformly mixed especially micronutrients and feed additives.

19. Objective • Interoperate the relationship between 100% dry matter basis and as-fed basis for rations

20. Feed on 100% dry matter basis Percent dry matter in feed Pounds of feed as-fed X = Dry Matter • All moisture has been removed

21. Dry Matter 100g can of dog food As- Fed Dry Matter Protein 40% Protein 10% Protein 10g Other 15% Other 15g Other 60% Water 75g Water 75%

22. Feed on a dry matter basis Feed on an As-fed basis = Percent dry matter in feed Air Dry • Still has moisture

23. Dry Matter vs. As-fed • The weight of 100% dry matter is less • No water or moisture is contained • Provides an accurate indication of feed content • Feeds can vary in moisture content

24. Dry Matter Content • 100% dry matter basis of sun cured hay is about 90% of as-fed basis • 100% dry matter basis of most fresh pasture grasses is about 20-30% of as fed basis • 100% dry matter basis of most corn (not silage) is about 90% of as-fed basis

25. Dry Matter Content • Most feed will stabilize to about 90% dry matter in air drying • Storing high moisture feed materials will cause them to mold or build up heat

26. Objective • Identify the rules for feeding various kinds of livestock

27. Rules for Feeding Livestock • Beef Cattle (fattening) • 1 1/2 to 2 lbs. Of air-dried roughage and 2 lbs. of concentrate per 100 lbs. of body weight Example: An 850 pound steer will need approximately: • 12.75 to 17 lbs. of roughage and • 17 lbs. concentrates • Total= 30 to 34 pounds of feed

28. Rules for Feeding Livestock • Cattle (maintenance) • mainly roughage • air dried roughage should be ~2% body weight (1.8 dry matter) • Cows nursing calves should be fed 50% more than dry cows Example: A 1,213 pound cow should be fed about 24 pounds (1213 X .02= 24.26)

29. Rules for Feeding Livestock • Swine • depends on size and age of the animal • depends on nursing • Pigs under 50 pounds and nursing sows need more protein than market hogs • Poultry • The ration is 10% of body weight

30. Pearson Square • Objective Determine the nutritional requirement from appropriate tables using the Pearson Square Method • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yXLR3-1mZwE

31. Finding Nutritional Information • Called feeding standards • Metric vs. English • to convert kg to lb • multiply kg by 2.2 • a 40 kg steer will weigh 88 lbs. • ME- metabolizable energy intake

32. 12 Pearson Square 1) Draw a square with lines connecting opposite corners and write the percent crude protein needed at the cross

33. Corn 8.9 12 Soybean Meal 45.8 Pearson Square • Write the feeds to be used and their crude protein content in the left-hand corners • lowest at the top highest at the bottom

34. 45.8- 12= 33.8 Corn 8.9 12 12-8.9= 3.1 Soybean Meal 45.8 Pearson Square • Subtract the smallest number from the larger along the diagonal lines

35. Corn 8.9 33.8 parts corn Soybean Meal 45.8 12 3.1 parts soybean meal Pearson Square 36.9 total parts

36. Corn 8.9 33.8 parts corn Soybean Meal 45.8 12 3.1 parts soybean meal Pearson Square Corn- 33.8 divided by 36.9 multiplied by 100= 92% corn SBM 3.1 divided by 36.9 multiplied by 100= 8% SBM