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Landforms of Africa

Landforms of Africa. Geography. Africa is divided into 5 geographical regions (Northern, Western, Central, Eastern and Southern):. Atlas Mountains. Where are the mountains located? How long are the mountains? What is the highest peak? How tall? Explain the slopes facing north/south.

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Landforms of Africa

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  1. Landforms of Africa

  2. Geography • Africa is divided into 5 geographical regions (Northern, Western, Central, Eastern and Southern):

  3. Atlas Mountains • Where are the mountains located? • How long are the mountains? • What is the highest peak? How tall? • Explain the slopes facing north/south.

  4. Question 1 & 2 • 1,500 miles through Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia.

  5. Question 3 • Highest peak: Toubkal Mountain • Elevation: 13,671 • Located in Morocco

  6. Question 4 • Climatic barrier between the Mediterranean basin and the Sahara Desert • Slopes facing north: well watered, have important farmland and forests, headwaters used for irrigation • Slopes facing south: drier area covered with shrub and grasses, sheep grazing. • Mountains are rich in phosphates, coal, iron and oil

  7. Mount Kilimanjaro • Where is it located? • Elevation? • Describe the climate.

  8. Question 5 • Located in northeast Tanzania—in the Middle of the Great Rift Valley

  9. Question 6 • Height: 19,341 • Highest mountain of Africa • 4th most prominent mountain in the world

  10. Question 7 • Near the equator • Snowcap • Snow cover has decreased since early 1990’s

  11. Sahara Desert “Great Desert” • Size? • Annual rainfall? • Describe the people who live in the Sahara.

  12. Question 8 & 9 • 3.5 million square mile (size of the U.S.) • Largest hot desert in the world • Less than 5 inches of rain • Gone through wet and dry periods

  13. Question 10 • 2 million inhabitants • Nomads (herds of sheep & goats, camels for transportation) • oasis

  14. Sahel • Region? • Annual rainfall? • Desertification?

  15. Question 11 & 12 • Semi-arid region (1,178,800 sq mi) • 4 to 8 inches of rain per year

  16. Question 13 • Desertification—when desert conditions spread out and cover more land.

  17. Kalahari Desert • Region? • Annual rainfall? • Who are the Bushmen?

  18. Question 14 & 15 • Arid plateau region • 5 to 20 inches

  19. Kalahari Desert—350,000 sq mi—Botswana, Namibia, and South Africa • Farther inland than the Namib • Many animals (antelope, elephants, etc) • Vegetation—Grasses to palm trees • Summer temps 68 F to 113 F

  20. Question 16 • 20,000 years as hunter-gatherers • Water from plant roots • Ostrich eggs • Click consonants • Huts built from local materials

  21. Sinai Peninsula • What does it connect? • Climate/vegetation?

  22. Question 17 & 18 • Only land bridge between Africa and Eurasia • Hot and dry • Sparsely vegetated

  23. Great Rift Valley • What is a rift valley? • Location? • Describe the Great Rift Valley.

  24. Question 19 • Rift valley—a place on earth where the crust has stretched until it breaks.

  25. Question 20 • 3,000 miles from Syria to central Mozambique

  26. The Great Rift Valley—Question 21 • Continuous geographic trench—3,000 mi long • From Syria (SW Asia) to Mozambique (E. Africa) • Volcanoes • Created from divergent plates—the African plate into the Nubian and Somali Plate

  27. Serengeti Plain • Location? • Size? • Describe the migration.

  28. Question 22 & 23 • North-western Tanzania and extends to south-western Kenya. • 12,000 sq mi

  29. Question 24 • October—two million herbivores travel from the northern hills to the southern plains in pursuit of the rains. • April—return to the north • Thirst, hunger, exhaustion, or predation

  30. Serengeti Plain—Circular Migration—500 miles • One of the ten Natural Travel Wonders of the World • Wildlife migrates in search of grazing areas and essentially rainfall. video.nationalgeographic.com/.../mammals-animals/deer-and-antelope/wildebeest_migration.html

  31. Climates • Describe the climates of Africa.

  32. Question 25 • North Africa-Mediterranean climate areas are found along the coast—warm dry summers and mild rainy winters. • North Africa—arid climate • West and Central Africa—tropics—warm throughout the year • Sahel—semi-arid (transition zone)

  33. Along the equator—distinct wet and dry seasons.

  34. Red Sea • Seawater inlet located in between Egypt and the Middle East—part of the Great Rift Valley • 169,100 sq mi & 1398 mi long & average depth of 1,608 ft • Major center for transportation

  35. Suez Canal • Artificial waterway • 120 mi long, 79 ft deep, 673 ft wide • Connects Mediterranean Sea with Red Sea • Controlled by the British from 1859 to 1957, when the Egyptians took over

  36. Nile River—north flowing—longest river in the world—4,132 mi long—Burundi to Egypt • Tributaries: (meet in the Mediterranean) • White Nile—longer—flows from Lake Victoria • Blue Nile—source of drinking water and fertile soil—flows from Ethiopian highlands

  37. Congo River (Congo River Basin) • Flows through equatorial Africa (through the Congo to the Atlantic Ocean) • Deepest river in the world (750+ ft) • 2ndlongest river in Africa—2,720 mileslong • Important for hydropower and transportation

  38. Lake Chad • Currently 550 square miles • 34 feet at its deepest point

  39. Lake Victoria—26,600 sq miles • One of the Great African Lakes and Africa’s largest lake • World’s second largest freshwater lake • Shallow depression— maximum depth at 276 ft deep

  40. Lake Victoria and the Great Rift Valley • 26,600 sq. mi. • 130 ft. deep (average)

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