Romantic Poetry

1. Romantic Poetry Jeremiah Erika Austin Patrick

2. The romantic movementroughly around the 1790s to 1830s • A “revolt” against the established order of precise rules, laws, dogmas, and formulas that heavily characterized Classicism as well as Neoclassicism. • As an international artistic and philosophical movement, it redefined the ways in which people in Western cultures thought about themselves and their world. • It countered the belief that logic and reason could solve life’s problems, which were popular ideas from the scientific and technological advances of the Enlightenment and Rationalism. • Embraced freedom and revolution in their art and politics as well as emphasized the qualities of the human personality, its moods and mental potentialities.

3. Romantic poetry • Although it’s named the “Romantic” movement, the work of this period has very little to do with romance, although love is a recurring topic of some works. • The poems of this period highlighted meter or verse that expressed emotions as well as using: • metaphors • similes • imagery • repetition • rhyme • onomatopoeia • Common thematic elements included: • individualism • idealism the natural world • physical and emotional passion • the supernatural

4. Poetic elements • allusion: a reference in a work of literature to something outside the work, especially to a well-known historical or literary event, person, or work • apostrophe: a figure of speech in which someone (usually, but not always absent), some abstract quality, or a nonexistent personage is directly addressed as though present • couplet: a two-line stanza, usually with end-rhymes the same • diction: the use of words in a literary work • imagery: the images of a literary work; the sensory details of a work; the figurative language of a work • lyric poem: any short poem that presents a single speaker who expresses thoughts and feelings.  Love lyrics are common, but lyric poems have also been written on subjects as different as religion and reading.   • metaphor: a figurative use of language in which a comparison is expressed without the use of a comparative term like “as,” “like,” or “than” • onomatopoeia: the use of words whose sound suggests their meaning • personification: a kind of metaphor that gives inanimate objects or abstract ideas human characteristics • repetition: the repeating of a certain word or phrase; usually to provide emphasis • tone: the manner in which an author expresses his or her attitude; the intonation of the voice that expresses meaning

5. Walt Whitman • Born May 31, 1819 in the town of West Hills, New York • Considered to be a humanist who’s works furthered the transcendentalist movement • Had 8 other siblings and grew up in a family of modest means and lived on a farm but by the age of three, they moved to Brooklyn • Pulled out of school at 11 to help support his family and by 17 became a teacher for five years • Worked in the field of journalism for newspapers in New York and New Orleans • Volunteered in hospitals and in the medical field during the Civil War after his brother was injured • After the war, he settled down in Camden, New Jersey to take care of his family POETRY • He is often referred to as the “father of free verse” • His poetry used many unusual symbols and images; poetic diction like regional dialects; emphasized the individual and praised the human body • Preferred writing about open places, journeys, cities, etc. to blur the line between the individual and the world, public and private • His parent’s profound love for America (named children after American heroes) influenced Whitman’s American pride in his poetry/work 1819-1892

6. Why, who makes much of a miracle?As to me I know of nothing else but miracles, Whether I walk the streets of Manhattan, Or dart my sight over the roofs of houses toward the sky, Or wade with naked feet along the beach just in the edge of   the water, Or stand under trees in the woods, Or talk by day with any one I love, or sleep in the bed at night   with any one I love, Or sit at table at dinner with the rest, Or look at strangers opposite me riding in the car, Or watch honey-bees busy around the hive of a summer   forenoon, Or animals feeding in the fields, Or birds, or the wonderfulness of insects in the air, Or the wonderfulness of the sundown, or of stars shining so   quiet and bright, Or the exquisite delicate thin curve of the new moon in spring; These with the rest, one and all, are to me miracles, The whole referring, yet each distinct and in its place.To me every hour of the light and dark is a miracle,Every cubic inch of space is a miracle,Every square yard of the surface of the earth is spread with   the same,Every foot of the interior swarms with the same.To me the sea is a continual miracle,The fishes that swim—the rocks—the motion of the waves—   the ships with men in them,What stranger miracles are there? miracles by whitman Notable works Leaves of Grass Drum-Taps When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d Song of the Open Road Crossing Brooklyn Ferry When I Heard the Learn’d Astronomer O Captain! My Captain!

7. Emily dickinson • Born on December 10, 1830, in Amherst, Massachusetts • parents raised her to become a traditional Christian woman who would one day be responsible for a family of her own • lived most of her life in isolation • never married but she did have relationships with several friends, confidantes, and mentors • family name was known • her father Edward Dickinson served as a lawyer • her work was never published during lifetime, except for two • after her death on May 15, 1886, her sister published her poetry • reputation changed, making her one of literature’s most well-known poets 1830-1886

8. "Why do I love" You, Sir?Because—The Wind does not require the GrassTo answer—Wherefore when He passShe cannot keep Her place.Because He knows—andDo not You—And We know not—Enough for UsThe Wisdom it be so—The Lightning—never asked an EyeWherefore it shut—when He was by—Because He knows it cannot speak—And reasons not contained——Of Talk—There be—preferred by Daintier Folk—The Sunrise—Sire—compelleth Me—Because He's Sunrise—and I see—Therefore—Then—I love Thee—  “why do ilove" you, sir? by dickinson Notable works Much Madness Hope is the Thing with Feathers Because I Could Not Stop for Death

9. Matthew arnold • Born in Laleham, England • Studied and graduated from Balliol College and worked as a government school inspector allowing to travel all over England developing an interest of education and poetry • After gaining a reputation as a poet he was offered a position as Professor of Poetry at Oxford where he began writing his most famous works • He was considered as one of the “Big Three” Victorian poets of his time • Many historians see Arnold as the bridge between Romanticism and Modernism, but wasn’t recognized in his time 1822-1888

10. The sea is calm tonight, The tide is full, the moon lies fair Upon the straits; on the French coast the light Gleams and is gone; the cliffs of England stand, Glimmering and vast, out in the tranquil bay. Come to the window, sweet is the night air!Only, from the long line of spray Where the sea meets the moon-blanched land, Listen! you hear the grating roar Of pebbles which the waves draw back, and fling, At their return, up the high strand, Begin, and cease, and then again begin, With tremulous cadence slow, and bring The eternal note of sadness in.Sophocles long ago Heard it on the Agean, and it brought Into his mind the turbid ebb and flow Of human misery; we Find also in the sound a thought, Hearing it by this distant northern sea.The Sea of Faith Was once, too, at the full, and round earth's shore Lay like the folds of a bright girdle furled. But now I only hear Its melancholy, long, withdrawing roar, Retreating, to the breath Of the night wind, down the vast edges drear And naked shingles of the world.Ah, love, let us be true To one another! for the world, which seems To lie before us like a land of dreams, So various, so beautiful, so new, Hath really neither joy, nor love, nor light, Nor certitude, nor peace, nor help for pain; And we are here as on a darkling plain Swept with confused alarms of struggle and flight, Where ignorant armies clash by night. dover beach by arnold Notable works Dover Beach The Forsaken Merman To a Friend- Published The Scholar Gipsy The Buried Life Shakespeare To Marguerite

11. George Gordon Byron • Born in London, son of a guards officer, Captain John Byron which later left him and his mother Catherine Gordon, lived in considerable poverty • One of the most important figures of the romantic movement, his works, active life, and physical beauty became to be considered the personification of the romantic poet. 1788-1824

12. SHE walks in beauty, like the night Of cloudless climes and starry skies; And all that 's best of dark and bright Meet in her aspect and her eyes: Thus mellow'd to that tender light Which heaven to gaudy day denies. One shade the more, one ray the less, Had half impair'd the nameless grace Which waves in every raven tress, Or softly lightens o'er her face; Where thoughts serenely sweet express How pure, how dear their dwelling-place. And on that cheek, and o'er that brow, So soft, so calm, yet eloquent, The smiles that win, the tints that glow, But tell of days in goodness spent, A mind at peace with all below, A heart whose love is innocent! she walks in beauty by byron Notable works A Spirit passed Before me She Walks in Beauty Darkness Solitude

13. AP Prompts • Prompt 1: In the poem “Dover Beach” by Matthew Arnold (1822-1888) the poet depicts his view towards religion during his time period. Carefully read the poem and create an essay analyzing the poetic devices Arnold uses to express his attitude towards people’s faith toward religion. • Prompt 2: Read the following poem entitled “Miracles” by Walt Whitman (1819-1892). In an essay, explain the Romantic elements of repetition and diction and the connection they make with the themes of the time.

14. WRITE YOUR OWN POEM DRAWING ON ROMANTIC ELEMENTS.

15. When did Romanticism appear? QUIZ a. in the High Middle Agesb. in the beginning of the 20th centuryc. around the middle-late of the 18th centuryd. during the late 19th centurye. during the early 20th century

16. When did Romanticism appear? QUIZ a. in the High Middle Agesb. in the beginning of the 20th centuryc. around the middle-late of the 18th centuryd. during the late 19th centurye. during the early 20th century

17. Why did Romanticism appear? QUIZ a. as an opposition to the Russian Revolutionb. because the technological contributionc. as a result of the publication of the Theory of Evolutiond. as a revolt against the rationalism of the Enlightenment periode. because it wanted to

18. Why did Romanticism appear? QUIZ a. as an opposition to the Russian Revolutionb. because the technological contributionc. as a result of the publication of the Theory of Evolutiond. as a revolt against the rationalism of the Enlightenment periode. because it wanted to

19. What is the underlying theme for all Romantics? QUIZ a. ideas of the imagination is equal to or better than the ideas of scienceb. the portrayal of life through minute details and realistic imagesc. focus on the love and hate aspect of human natured. emphasis on mental and physical growth through consumptione. none of the above

20. What is the underlying theme for all Romantics? QUIZ a. ideas of the imagination is equal to or better than the ideas of scienceb. the portrayal of life through minute details and realistic imagesc. focus on the love and hate aspect of human natured. emphasis on mental and physical growth through consumptione. none of the above

21. Where do Romantics find inspiration for their work? QUIZ a. Natureb. Emotionsc. Religiond. both a and be. all of the above

22. Where do Romantics find inspiration for their work? QUIZ a. Natureb. Emotionsc. Religiond. both a and be. all of the above

23. How can one describe Romantic art? QUIZ a. It is subjective, emotionally intense, and dreamlikeb. It is extremely detailed and complex techniques are employedc. It is eccentric and stimulates the sensesd. it is meant to be enjoyed by the aristocracye. all of the above

24. How can one describe Romantic art? QUIZ a. It is subjective, emotionally intense, and dreamlikeb. It is extremely detailed and complex techniques are employedc. It is eccentric and stimulates the sensesd. it is meant to be enjoyed by the aristocracye. all of the above

25. What human ability is not primary according to the Romantics? QUIZ a. Intuition b. Feeling c. Deductive reason d. Imaginatione. none of the above

26. What human ability is not primary according to the Romantics? QUIZ a. Intuition b. Feeling c. Deductive reason d. Imaginatione. none of the above

27. How did leading Romantics view local traditions? QUIZ a. as something to be eliminated because they violated the integrity of the individualb. as something to be eliminated because they were largely based on mysticism rather than reasonc. as something to be embraced because they represented the idyllic pastd. as something to be embraced because one's place in the greater society is the source of individual identitye. none of the above

28. How did leading Romantics view local traditions? QUIZ a. as something to be eliminated because they violated the integrity of the individualb. as something to be eliminated because they were largely based on mysticism rather than reasonc. as something to be embraced because they represented the idyllic pastd. as something to be embraced because one's place in the greater society is the source of individual identitye. none of the above

29. Which did the Romantics mostly revolt against in general? QUIZ a. Bohemianismb. Nationalismc. Classicismd. Expressionisme. none of the above

30. Which did the Romantics mostly revolt against in general? QUIZ a. Bohemianismb. Nationalismc. Classicismd. Expressionisme. none of the above

31. What did Romantics generally use to convey emotion? QUIZ a. imagery and word association b. allusion and blank versec. consonance and alliterationd. hyperbole and ironye. none of the above

32. What did Romantics generally use to convey emotion? QUIZ a. imagery and word associationb. allusion and blank versec. consonance and alliterationd. hyperbole and ironye. none of the above

33. In what areas did the Romantic movement occur? QUIZ a. industry, science, politics, and religionb. literature, art, music, dance, and theaterc. language, books, and politicsd. medicine, industry, and religione. none of the above

34. In what areas did the Romantic movement occur? QUIZ a. industry, science, politics, and religionb. literature, art, music, dance, and theaterc. language, books, and politicsd. medicine, industry, and religione. none of the above

35. RESOURCES • http://allpoetry.com/Emily_Dickinson • http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Emily_Dickinson.aspx • http://www.sparknotes.com/poetry/whitman/themes.html • http://www.biography.com/people/walt-whitman-9530126?page=1