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THE RENAISSANCE The Beginning The End (1400 – 1550) (1625 – 1660) The Acme

THE RENAISSANCE The Beginning The End (1400 – 1550) (1625 – 1660) The Acme (1559 – 1625). ► The Beginning - a revolution of thought: ◦ arts ◦ letters - an intellectual movement: ◦ Western Europe

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THE RENAISSANCE The Beginning The End (1400 – 1550) (1625 – 1660) The Acme

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  1. THE RENAISSANCE The Beginning The End (1400 – 1550) (1625 – 1660) The Acme (1559 – 1625)

  2. ► The Beginning - a revolution of thought: ◦ arts ◦ letters - an intellectual movement: ◦ Western Europe . Italy: Dante, Petrarch, Boccaccio . Greek: Plato, Homer, Sophocles - the invention of printing (1450) - the outbreak of the Reformation: ◦ translations

  3. - the revival of Learning: ◦ essays: . Sir Thomas More (1478 – 1535): Utopia (1516) the true prologue to the Renaissance ◦ poetry: . Thomas Wyatt (1503 -1542): Petrarchan sonnets an octave + sestet abba abba cdc dcc . Henry Howard/Earl of Surrey (1517 – 1547): English Sonnet three quatrains + a couplet abab cdcd efef gg

  4. ◦ drama: . Nicholas Udall Comedy Ralph Roister Doister (1533) . Thomas Norton Tragedy Gorboduc or Ferrex and Porrex (1562) . Thomas Sackville (1536 – 1608) The Mirror for Magistrates

  5. The Acme of the Renaissance / the Elizabethan Age ▪ Poetry 1. Edmund Spenser (1552 – 1599) - Shepherd’s Calendar (1579) - Fairie Queene (1589 – 1596) Spenserian stanza: 8 lines + 1 iambic pentameter ababbcbc + alexandrine c - Amoretti (1595) - Epithalamion - Prothalamion

  6. 2. Sir Philip Sidney (1554 – 1586): - Astrophel - Stella - Arcadia - Defence of Poesie (an essay) 3. Sir Walter Raleigh (1552 – 1618): - The Discovery of the Empire of Guiana - History of yhe World 4. Thomas Campion (1567 – 1620): - songs 5. Michael Drayton (1563 -1631): - songs

  7. Drama Precursors of Shakespeare: • John Lily (1554 – 1606) - Euphues - Endymion (myth) 2. George Peele (1558 – 1597) - David and Bethsabe (old mistery) 3. Robert Green (1560 – 1592) - Friar Bacon and Friar Bangay (love story) - James IV (history) 4. Thomas Lodge (1558 – 1625) - A Looking Glass for London and England (+Green) - Rosalinde (pastoral romance)

  8. 5. Thomas Nash (1567 – 1601): - The Life of Jack Wilton (1594) picaresque novel 6. Thomas Dekker (1570 – 1632): - The Bachelor’s Banquet (tragic comedy) 7. Thomas Kyd (1558 – 1594): - The Tragedy of Blood / The Tragedy of Revenge - Spanish Tragedy (a pro-Shakespearean Hamlet) 8. Christopher Marlowe (1564 – 1593): - Tamburlaine ( 1587) - Doctor Faustus (1588) - The Jew of Malta (1590) - Edward II (1591)

  9. WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE(1564 – 1616) • Concerning the Form: - Blank verse - Heroic couplets • Concerning the Plot: The idea and the subject of the story are taken from - the history - novels (esp. Italy and France) - romances -daily life - heroes from England’s history

  10. Style of Writing: - poetic drama - beauty, spontaneity and passion to strictness of order - formal and dignified language of the classics - followed the fashion of the time • Concerning the extent of work: - 37 plays: 16 comedies 10 tragedies 11 historical - 2 long narrative poems - 154 sonnets + other poems

  11. Shakespeare’s Plays • the Brilliant Apprentice (26 – 30): - 1590-1594: Venus and Adonis (1593) Lucrece (1594) King Henry Love Labour’s Lost The Comedy of Errors (1592- 1594) Two Gentlemen of Verona

  12. The Successful Craftsman (30 – 36) - 1594-1600: Midsummer Night’s Dream Much Ado about Nothing As You Like It Twelfth Night Merchant of Venice Richard II (1596) Henry V (1598-99) Romeo and Juliet Julius Caesar (1598-99) Taming of the Shrew (1594-97) Marry Wives of Windsor (1597-1600)

  13. The Accomplished Master (36 – 43) - 1600 - 1607: Hamlet (1600-01) All’s Well that Ends Well (1600- 04) Troilus and Cressida (1601-03) Measure to Measure (1603-04) Othelo (1604-05) King Lear (1605-06) Macbeth (1605-06)

  14. The Ease of Genius (43 – 49) - 1607 – 1613: Antony and Cleopatra (1607- 08) Timon of Athens (1608-10) Pericles Coriolanus Cymbeline The Winter’s Tale (1610-11) The Tempest (1611-12) Henry VIII (1612-13)

  15. The Great Art of Shakespeare • The universality of his genius: tragedies comedies historical plays narrative verse sonnets • His profound insight into the psychology of man, and his characters are the real men and women with complex personality • His characters are as a rule so well conceived • Enormous dramatic tension dramatic irony • The dialogue form highest perfection in a complete harmony of poetry and drama

  16. Shakespeare’s Contemporaries George Chapman (translator of Homer) - a pleasant wit - a sober manner - a graceful style of in comedies: • Al Fooles (1605) • Monsieur d’Olive (1606) • The Gentleman Usher (1606) - tragedies: • Bussy d’Ambois (1598) • The Revenge of Bussy d’Ambois (1613) • Conspiracie and Tragedie of Charles (1608) • Duke of Byron (1608) • Marshall of France (1608)

  17. Ben Jonson (1573 – 1639) - concept of Humor: • Every Man in His Humor (1598) • Every Man out of His Humor (1599) • Cynthia’s Revels (1601) • Poetaster (1602) • Volpone, or the Fox • Epicaene, or the Silent Woman (1606) • The Alchemist (1610) • Bartholomew Fayre (1614) - tragedy: • Sejanus (1603) • Catiline (1611) • Julius Caesar (1599) • The Sad Shepherd (unfinished)

  18. John Marston (1575 – 1634) - melodrama: • Antonio and Mellida (1600) • Antonio’s Revenge (1600) - a tragi-comedy - a violent comedy: • The Malcontent (1601) - cynisism: • The Dutch Courtezan (1605) • The Honest Whore (with Dekker) • Parasitaster, or the Fawne (1606) - comedy of manner: • Eastward Hoe

  19. Thomas Middleton (1580 – 1627) - comedies: • Michaelmas Terme (1604) • A Trick to Catch The Old One (1606) • A Mad World • My Masters, Your Five Gallants • A chast Mayd John Fletcher (1579 – 1625): • Tragedie of Valentinian (1614) • The Tragedie of Bonduca (1614) • The Loyal Subject (1618) • The Humorous Lieutenant (1619) • Monsieur Thomas (1621) • The Pilgrim • The Wild-goose Chase

  20. Philip Massinger (1583 – 1639) - comedies: • A New Way to Pay Old Debts (1626) • The City Madam (1632) • The Guardian (1633) • The Fatall Dowry (1619) • The Duke of Millaine (1620) • The Unnatural Combat (1621) • The Maid of Honour (1626) • The Bond-Man (1623) • The Renegado (1624) • The Roman Actor (1626) • The Picture (1629)

  21. John Ford (1586 – 1639): • Perkin Warback • The Lover’s Melancholy • ‘Tis Pity Shee’s a Whore • The Broken Heart James Shirley (1596 – 1666): • The Traytor (1631) • The Cardinall (1631) • The Wedding • Changes • Hyde Park • The Gamester • The Lady of Pleasure • The Young Admirall • The Opportunitie • The Imposture

  22. METAPHYSICAL POETRY • Characteristics: - metaphysical conceit - obscure language - metaphor • Poets • John Donne (1572 – 1631) - Elegies, satyres, divine poems 2. George Herbert (1593 – 1633) - The Temple - The Pulley

  23. Andrew Marvell (1621 – 1678): • To His Coy Mistress Abraham Cowley (1618 – 1667): • Pindarique Odes • Miscellanies • Ode to the Royal Society John Milton (1608 – 1674) - religious poem: • Ode on the Morning of Christ’s Nativity • L’Allegro • Il Penseroso • Arcades • Comus (1634) • Lycidas (1637) • Paradise Lost (1667) • Paradise Regained (1671) • Samson Agonistes (1671)

  24. The Anglican Poets • George Herbert (1593 – 1633) • Richard Crashaw (1612 –1649): • Music’s Duel • Wishes to a supposed Mistress • The Weeper • The Flaming Heart • Henry Vaughan (1622 – 1695) - secular verses, myticism: • Scintillans • The Retreat

  25. Francis Quarles (1592 – 1644): • Emblems (1635) • Andrew Marvell (1621 –1678) • Abraham Cowley (1618 – 1667) • Sir John Denham (1615 – 1669) - descriptive, didactic poems: • Cooper’s Hill (1642)

  26. The Cavalier Poets • Sir John Suckling (1609 – 1642): • A Ballad upon a Wedding • Thomas Carew (1598 – 1639): • Ask me no more • When Thou, poor Excommunicate • Read in These Roses the Sad Story • Robert Herrick (1591 – 1674): • Hesperides/Works both humane and divine (1648) • The Hock-cart or Harvest Home • Corinna’s going a-Maying • Richard Lovelace (1618 – 1658): • To Althea from Prison

  27. The End of the Renaissance • Prose Sir Thomas Browne (1603 – 1682) - a physician, theologian/preacher: • Pseudo-doxia Epidemica (1646) • Religio Medici (1643) • The Garden of Cyrus • Hydriotaphia Jeremy Taylor (1613 – 1667) - Anglican prosaist, dreamer: • Liberty of Prophesying (1646) • Holy Living (1650) • Holy Dying (1651) • The Marriage Ring

  28. Francis Bacon (1567 – 1626) - lawyer, statesman, philosopher: • Essays • The Advancement of Learning • John Bunyan (1628 – 1688) - a traveling thinker, Puritan preacher, allegorist (49 books): • The Pilgrim’s Progress (1678) • Everyman • The Life and Death of Mr. Badman (1680) • Grace Abounding (1666) • The Holy War (1682)

  29. Thomas Hobbes (1588 – 1679) - philosophy: • Elements of Law, Natural and Politics (1640) • Leviathan (1651) Sir Thomas Urquhart of Cromarty (1611 – 1660) • Church History of Britain (1655-6) • Holy and Profane State (1642) • The History of the Worthies of England (1662) Izaac Walton (1593 – 1683) • The Compleat Angler (1653)

  30. Drama - the decay of drama: no drama produced closing of the theatres -Drama was restored by John Dryden in the Restoration period

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