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THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. FUNCTIONS of the respiratory system:. obtaining oxygen & removing carbon dioxide = gas exchange filtering incoming air controlling the temp & water content of incoming air producing vocal sounds plays important roles in the sense of smell & regulation of blood pH.

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THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

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  1. THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

  2. FUNCTIONS of the respiratory system: • obtaining oxygen & removing carbon dioxide = gas exchange • filtering incoming air • controlling the temp & water content of incoming air • producing vocal sounds • plays important roles in the sense of smell & regulation of blood pH

  3. Ultimate GOAL= • provide body cells with O2 for cellular respiration (using O2 to break glucose & form ATP)

  4. CONTROL OF RESPIRATION • usually respiration is involuntary • the respiratory center is in the brain stem & includes portions of the pons & medulla oblongata • medulla oblongata responds to higher levels of CO2 in blood by sending nerve impulses to the rib muscles & the diaphragm, causing these muscles to contract & you inhale

  5. PARTS of the respiratory system: upper respiratory tract • nose w/ 2 nostrils & nose hairs for filtering • nasal cavity / nasal passages • divided into R & L by the nasal septum (may be deviated) • lined with mucous membrane • paranasal sinuses = air-filled spaces in the bones of the skull • pharynx = a passageway for air & food

  6. UPPER respiratory tract

  7. PARTS of the respiratory system: lower respiratory tract • larynx = contains the vocal cords • trachea = “windpipe” • bronchial tree – branched air passages that lead from the trachea to the air sacs, or alveoli

  8. parts of the respiratory system: LOWER respiratory tract • 2 lungs: the right lung has 3 lobes & the has 2 lobes • bronchi branch like a tree (bronchusbronchioles alveoli)

  9. lower respiratory tract

  10. alveoliare the sacs of the lungs where O2 & CO2 are exchanged by diffusion between the air and blood • surrounded by networks of capillaries • walls of capillaries and alveoli only 1 cell thick

  11. the EVENTS of respiration: • breathing / ventilation = moving air into or out of the lungs • external respiration = gas exchange between blood & the air in the lungs • internal respiration = gas exchange between blood & body cells

  12. THE MECHANICS OF BREATHING • breathing accomplished via the action of the diaphragm & the muscles between the ribs & is assisted by air pressure • diaphragm contracts & rib cage rises creates a vacuum and air is drawn into lungs • diaphragm relaxes and ribs lower  exhalation

  13. healthy lungs are elastic - they stretch as you inhale & go back to their original size when you exhale • they are never completely empty – even after exhaling

  14. lung capacity: • tidal volume = the amount of air that moves in during a respiratory cycle (1 inhalation + 1 exhalation) • residual volume = air remaining in lungs after a maximal exhale • vital capacity = the maximum amount of air a person can exhale after taking in the deepest breath possible • total lung capacity = the vital capacity + the residual volume

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