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Food Safety: A Systems Perspective. John Helferich Northeastern University Open Classroom 3/28/2012. Discussion Guide. What is “Food Safety ”? The Scale of the Hazards The Dynamics of the Hazards The System and its Boundaries Food Safety Control Some Food for Thought.
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Food Safety:A Systems Perspective John Helferich Northeastern University Open Classroom 3/28/2012
Discussion Guide • What is “Food Safety”? • The Scale of the Hazards • The Dynamics of the Hazards • The System and its Boundaries • Food Safety Control • Some Food for Thought
Food Safety, Security, and Defense Food Safety Preventing an acute illness caused by a hazard in food Food Security Preventing a deficiency of calories or nutrients Food Defense Preventing an intentional contamination of the food supply
Food Safety Hazards Pathogens Chemicals Foreign Objects Allergens GMOs Obesity IN OUT Our Focus
The Problem The Hazards S. Typhimurium Microbiological Salmonella Campylobacter Listeria E. Coli Botulism Norwalk Virus Vibrio http://www.skyhighway.com/~multispecies/about.html
The scale of the issue1 3000 deaths/yr 300,000 hospitalizations 76 MM illnesses 1 CDC 2011, US only
The Dynamics http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm58e0129a1.htm#fig1
The System and its Boundary
Systems Approach at MIT Safety Constraint: Food shall contain no pathogen at point of consumption
How to make food perfectly safe Canned Gloved
Global 1960s 1980s Processed Fresh Pre WW II Pre Civil War Today Local
Cantaloupe Listeria OutbreakAug 2011 • 25 deaths • Biggest outbreak in 25 years • 116 Hospitalizations • Cantaloupe industry decimated
Third Party Audits USA Today reported that Primus Labs of Santa Maria, California, gave the Jensen Farms packing house a "superior" rating just six days before the outbreak started. The private inspector noted that the newly installed equipment used water that was not treated with anti-microbial solution, but he didn't score them down for it
Out of phase control loops FDA officials told reporters the agency had never inspected Jensen Farms cantaloupe operation in 20 years of operation. The officials said they have learned that a private inspection led to high marks for Jensen shortly before the outbreak started.
Farm – Factory InterfaceThe Cantaloupe Outbreak Aug 2011 Jensen Farms Packing House Oct 19, 2011
Things to think about • Food system is changing, approach to managing food safety should also change • Can we rely on “inspection” by regulators? • Is local and unprocessed safer? • Would you serve raw milk to your children or grandchildren? • Would you serve it to your neighbor’s children? • Would you trade safety for other attributes? • Unprocessed • Local, small supplier • Price
Thanks! For further info helferic@mit.edu