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Historical Foundation

Historical Foundation. Foundation of Curriculum. Why learn history?. The Colonial Period: 1642-1776. Three Colonial Regions – Northern colonies, New England, Southern colonies. Learn to read the scripture – By Puritans (Influenced by the Church).

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Historical Foundation

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  1. Historical Foundation Foundation of Curriculum

  2. Why learn history?

  3. The Colonial Period: 1642-1776 • Three Colonial Regions – Northern colonies, New England, Southern colonies. • Learn to read the scripture – By Puritans (Influenced by the Church). • Curriculum: Reading and Writing – Based on God’s law. • Southern Colonies: Conservative Curriculum. Education is only for rich family (Slave era) • Reading, Writing, Arimathics and Faith.

  4. The Colonial Period: 1642-1776 • Colonial schools • Town School: For children, one teacher, non-graded school. • Parachial and Private schools: Upper class – read and write and primier and Bible. Lower class only the three R’s and only recite religious quotes. Vocational skills • Latin grammar school: Preparing student for higher school (College). Use only Latin language. 8 years duration. No arts and sciences. • The Academy for lower level class, is not set for college. Latin is not important. Math skills are for job preparation not for abstract. • College (Prerequisite: Latin grammar school). Harvard college. Greek, Latin and the Classics.

  5. National Period • Benjamin Rush (1745-1813) • Education should be function to democracy. • Science is better than learning greek, latin, etc. • Promoted free schooling. The country will benefit when people are educated.

  6. National Period • Thomas Jefferson: Education for Citizenship. • Educaiton to ensure democratic society. • Education for all by the expense of all (Government). • Civic concern, rather than preserved upper group. • Plan for a bill for free for basic 3 R’s – elementary. Secondary school (grammar school) for smart students with scholarship. To become elementary teacher, administrator. • The 10 best will go William and Mary college.

  7. National Period • Webster: Schoolmaster and cultural nationalism. • Education to create national identity – National language and culture

  8. National Period • McGuffey: The readers and American Virtues. • Promotes cultural nationalism • Combination for Protestantnism and Rural American • The book contains religious faith and heroism.

  9. The Rise of Universal Education • Monitorial schools • Influence by the migration from Europe. • Economic efficience. Bright student served as instructor. • Cooperative learning in monitorial system. • Considered as efficient education. 3R’s, Citizenship, moral doctrine. • To promote mass education.

  10. The Rise of Universal Education • Common Schools • Origin: Massachusets. 3Rs, • Rooted on progressive thoughts. • Education has a market value. • Public education started. • Crucial for American system for equality and national identy. • Teacher has low salary. • Common one room school. Exist in every community. • No common curriculum, but most subjects are related to religious and moral. More subjects were added later.

  11. The Rise of Universal Education • Secondary Schools • 11.5 % were enrolled in public school • Only 6 % passed. • The Academy • Replaced latin grammar school • Focus not only for college but also for moral education of society. • Academy replaced by high school

  12. The Rise of Universal Education • The High School • College preparatory program • Also served to complete the formal education • Served as terminal education for some who will not take college • High School grew while the academy declined

  13. The Rise of Universal Education • Three Committees • The committee of fifteen • Traditional curriculum for elementary • The committee of ten • Curriculum for secondary • The committee on college entrance requirement • Curriculum for college preparation

  14. The Rise of Universal Education • Modern Curriculum • Flexner – Modern curriculum • Introduced basic areas of curriculum: • Science, Industry, Civics, and Aesthetics • Dewey – Scientific principles of education • Education as instrument of democracy • Judd – Systematic studies and social sciences • Scientism of educaiton

  15. Curriculum as a Field • Bobbitt and Charters • Influenced by the industrial era • And the scientific theories of Fredrick Taylor • Introduced Curriculum as scientific inquiry • Developed principles of curriculum making

  16. Curriculum as a Field • Kill Patrick • Behaviorist Curriculum Making. Purposeful activity. • Purposing • Planning • Executing • Judging

  17. Curriculum as a Field • Ralph Tyler • Basic principles of curriculum • Purpose • Experience to attain purpose • Organization of the experience to attain the purpose and, • Measurement of the purpose in the organization of the experience

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