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Space-based Constraints on Nitrogen Oxides Emission Inventories

Study highlights discrepancies in global NOx emissions estimates, reveals soil emissions are underestimated, NASA-funded research employing satellite data & ground measurements in validation process.

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Space-based Constraints on Nitrogen Oxides Emission Inventories

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  1. Space-based Constraints on Emission Inventories of Nitrogen Oxides Randall Martin Chris Sioris, Kelly Chance (Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory) Lyatt Jaeglé (Univerisity of Washington) Tom Ryerson (NOAA)

  2. Global Surface NOx Emissions Uncertain to Factor of 2Implications for Tropospheric Ozone, Aerosols, Indirect Effect, Nutrient Delivery • Here in Tg N yr-1 (based on) • Fossil Fuel 24 (GEIA) • Biomass Burning 6 (Duncan et al., 2003) • Soils 5 • (Yienger and Levy, 1995) • NOx Emissions (Tg N yr-1) • Fossil Fuel (20-33) • Biomass Burning (3-13) Soils (4-21) Relative Uncertainty

  3. Top-Down Information from the GOME and SCIAMACHY Satellite Instruments • Nadir-viewing solar backscatter instruments including ultraviolet and visible wavelengths • Low-elevation polar sun-synchronous orbit, late morning observation time • GOME 1995-2002 • Spatial resolution 320x40 km2 • Global coverage in 3 days • SCIAMACHY 2002-present • Spatial resolution 60x30 km2 • Global coverage in 6 days

  4. Cloud-filtered Tropospheric NO2 Columns Determined from SCIAMACHY Retrieval: Spectral fit Remove stratosphere Account for scattering May-Oct 2004 detection limit Retrieval based on Martin et al., 2002, 2003

  5. Conduct a Chemical Inversion & Combine Top-Down and Bottom-up Inventories with Error Weighting A Priori NOx Emissions SCIAMACHY NO2 Columns NO/NO2  W ALTITUDE 1011 molec N cm-2 s-1 1015 molec cm-2 GEOS-CHEM model Error weighting A posteriori emissions Top-Down Emissions

  6. A Posteriori Emission Inventory RevealsMajor Discrepancy in NOx Emissions from Megacities 48 Tg N yr-1 May-Oct 2004 r2=0.82 vs a priori 48 – 39 Tg N yr-1 GEIA

  7. ICARTT: COORDINATED ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY CAMPAIGN OVER EASTERN NORTH AMERICA AND NORTH ATLANTIC IN SUMMER 2004 ERS ERS-2 Envisat Terra Aqua SCIAMACHY GOME AIRS, MODIS MISR, MODIS, MOPITT NOAA-P3 Canada Convair DLR Falcon NASA DC-8 UK BAE-143 NASA Proteus International, multi-agency collaboration targeted at regional air quality, pollution outflow, transatlantic transport, aerosol radiative forcing

  8. Large Change in NOx Emissions Near New York City r2= 0.92 A posteriori – A priori A priori A posteriori 7.2 Tg N 8.3 Tg N 1.1 Tg N 1011 atoms N cm-2 s-1 1011 atoms N cm-2 s-1 1011 atoms N cm-2 s-1 Evaluate Each Inventory By Conducting GEOS-CHEM Simulation & Sampling Model Along Aircraft Flight Tracks Simulation with A Posteriori – Simulation with A Priori NOx (ppbv) HNO3 (ppbv)

  9. In Situ Airborne Measurements Support Top-Down Inventory New England New England + Gulf Remote GEOS-CHEM (A posteriori) In Situ GEOS-CHEM (A priori) P-3 Measurements from Tom Ryerson (NOAA)

  10. Largest soil emissions: seasonally dry tropical + fertilized cropland ecosystems Speciated Inventory for Soil emissions A posteriori 70% larger than a priori! A priori A posteriori r2= 0.62 (±90%) (±200%) North Eq. Africa Soils Onset of rainy season: Pulsing of soil NOx! Jaeglé et al., 2005

  11. Conclusions • Growing confidence in top-down constraint on NOx emissions • Gross-underestimate in NOx emissions from megacities • Soil NOx emissions underestimated, especially from Northern Equatorial Africa Funding: • National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) • Canadian Foundation for Innovation (CFI) • Nova Scotia Research and Innovation Trust (NSRIT) • Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)

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