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Actualizing CEDAW: Labor Force in Informal Economy in Taiwan

Actualizing CEDAW: Labor Force in Informal Economy in Taiwan. Shang Luan Yan, Professor Shih Chien University Member, FIFCJ, SWS, PPSEAWA – NY President, MHAT- WFMH 58 th UN CSW NGO March 10 th _ 20 th , 2014. CEDAW NGO Report. Since 2008 Article 11, 1 （ C ）、（ D ）、（ E ）、（ F ） & 2

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Actualizing CEDAW: Labor Force in Informal Economy in Taiwan

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  1. Actualizing CEDAW: Labor Force in Informal Economy in Taiwan Shang Luan Yan, Professor Shih Chien University Member, FIFCJ, SWS, PPSEAWA – NY President, MHAT- WFMH 58th UN CSW NGO March 10th _ 20th , 2014

  2. CEDAW NGO Report • Since 2008 • Article 11, 1（C）、（D）、（E）、（F）& 2 • Gender Gap, Gender Segregated Occupations in Labor Forces, Maternity Protection, & Balance of Work and Family • Studies shown，gender discrimination is persisting at the workplace in Taiwan, and it is still a long way to actualize CEDAW and MDG.

  3. 2013Women in Informal Economy CEDAW Article 11, 1 (f) social security； Article 13, 1 the right of family benefits GR 16 unpaid family worker - social protection

  4. Production – Extended Family Role? • Gender role – Women’s position in Family Women work for Love (without pay) • Flexible work for the balance of family and work Domestic Work is a Job? Or Responsibility? （Yan，2009；ILO, 2008），

  5. Types of Informal Economy • Who are those in informal economy in Taiwan Self-employed unpaid family worker – who are working or caring for family member over 15 hrs/per week or over 3 hrs per day without pay (DGBT, 2013) Who are those in informal economy internationally 1. Self-employed 2. Women worker in Rural area 3. Home worker 4. Unpaid women’s family workers

  6. Participants of Study Focus Group & In-depth Interviewing Participants 1. Unpaid Women’s Family Workers：Domestic Worker & Caretaker 2. Work for Family Enterprise 3. Domestic Worker 4. Worker in Rural Area Characteristics：mainly care-taker with multiple roles

  7. Unpaid Women’s Family Workers：Domestic Worker & Caretaker • Contents of work：laundry、cooking、cleaning、care-taking for elderly, children and sick family member, mainly without pay • Differences: working hours • Majority are women, very few men，care for family members in person. If men are care-takers most likely to hire others to be caretakers. • Gendered division of labor

  8. Unpaid Women’s Family Workers：Care-taker • Care-taking for designed family member • Other than domestic work, most of time and money on caring • Long-tem, high intensity, highly repeatability, and professional skill have great impacts on care taker • Family ties weaken, responsibility and cost are on caretaker

  9. Woman Worker in Rural Area • Characteristics of Work： • Long & Irregular Hours varied by corps • High Intensity • Field & Domestic Work • Income Unstable • Income controlled by male in the household • Differences between family support and economic mobility in East and South of Taiwan.

  10. Woman Worker in East of Taiwan • Interviewee worked in non-agricultural job, after married and gave the birth, giving up the job requested by her husband, and responsible for domestic work and the field work as well. • External factor: gendered division of labor embedded in her environment, patriarchy and traditional ethics are still major forces in rural family.

  11. Woman Worker in South of Taiwan Co-op in Community。 • daily living and work are blended in community support system • Better off than unpaid family worker in the city, self employed and irregular working hours may become more mobile for them.

  12. Social Protection – Unpaid Family Workers • CEDAW GR16 Outlining the steps to be taken to recognize the contribution of unpaid women workers in rural and urban family enterprises [Articles 2 & 11]

  13. Table 1:1992-2012 Gender Statistics in Labor Forces 表一：1992-2012我國勞動人口變化性別統計 資料來源：主計處，2013。101年人力資源調查統計年報。

  14. Table 2: Pension Insured by Gender 資料來源：勞工保險局，2013。 註：國民年金被保險人人數為每年12月人數。

  15. Types of Insured • Majority of unpaid family workers insured via the occupational unions, few insured through the status of the spouse • Chosen the occupational unions due to not qualified for other insurances (no designed employer or not continuing employed) and accumulating work experiences for better pension for retiring are needed. • Only one interviewee joint pension fund because stable income and extra income, such as, rent.

  16. Conclusions and Discussion • Women in informal economy due to family responsibility to gain balance of work and family • In accord with multiple role sets, fully employed is determined by family factors or social structure rather than individual free will and achievement.

  17. Conclusions and Discussion • The patterns and needs of employed in informal economy are varied. • Indeed, employed in informal economy has less security and protection in the work place. • And, to access social protection is harder. • Suggestion: Using special measurements to alter those who employed in informal economy, i.e., higher insurance and benefits provided.

  18. Thank You for Listening！

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