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Peter Gamache, Ph.D. candidate MBA/MPH

Reducing Disparities among Youth in Transition to Adulthood . Georgetown Technical Assistance Center. Peter Gamache, Ph.D. candidate MBA/MPH . Learning community Peer resource network Source of Support. Introduction. Peter Gamache, Ph.D. candidate, MBA, MLA, MPH, RN

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Peter Gamache, Ph.D. candidate MBA/MPH

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  1. Reducing Disparities among Youth in Transition to Adulthood Georgetown Technical Assistance Center Peter Gamache, Ph.D. candidate MBA/MPH

  2. Learning community • Peer resource network • Source of Support Introduction Peter Gamache, Ph.D. candidate, MBA, MLA, MPH, RN Cell # 813-817-5100 | Email: peter.gamache@gmail.com Website: petergamache.com

  3. Gaps Within & Across Systems . . .for addressing, monitoring, and evaluating unequal access, availability, and utilization. Child System Special education Child welfare Juvenile Justice Child mental health Adult system Criminal justice Adult mental health Housing Vocational rehabilitation Substance abuse 18 – 21 years Birth Death

  4. Intersections and Multiplier Effects • According to the NIMH (2006), 1 out of 10 children age 18 and younger suffer from a mental disorder. • Children in particular are at greater risk of having mental health problems when socio-political factors, environmental factors, or distressing events occur in their lives or surroundings (Friedman, Callejas, Nesman, Mowery, & Gamache, 2006). • According to SAMHSA, these factors include harmful stress, discrimination, poverty, trauma, and exposure to violence or physical abuse(DHHS, 2003).

  5. Intersections and Multiplier Effects Insurance • Hispanic children: 21.1% uninsured • Black children: 13% • Asian children: 9.4% • Non-Hispanic White children: 7.6% • All children: 11.6 percent uninsured (Urban Institute, 2004). Mental Health Access • The percentage of African Americans receiving needed mental health care is only half that of non-Hispanic Whites (Surgeon General Report, 1999).

  6. Intersections and Multiplier Effects Employment • Black unemployment was 14.8 percent in 2009, compared to 8.5 percent for Whites. Hispanic unemployment was 12.1 percent (Urban League, 2010). • Unemployed males, ages 16-29 = 19.5% African American, 7.9% White; 8% Hispanic; 7.8% Asian (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2006). • Reasons: Mental health disparities contributing to gaining/maintaining employment. Postsecondary Education • White youth are nearly twice as likely as Hispanic youth beginning at community colleges to finish a bachelor’s degree; 81 percent of Whites complete a bachelor’s degree compared to 57 percent of Latinos (Fry, 2004).

  7. Intersections and Multiplier Effects Criminal Involvement • African-American youth are six times more likely than White youth to be incarcerated. Latino youth are three times more likely (Annie E. Casey Foundation). Alcohol/Substance Abuse • % of high school students who drank for the first time before age 13 = 18.1% White, 24.9% Black, 27.1% Hispanic (CDC Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance, 2010).

  8. Transition to Independence Process (TIP) System Examples Employment • Engages in employment exploration & experience. Education • Explores career options (e.g., interviewing people in careers, library explorations and web searches on careers, visiting community trade schools & colleges). Living Situation • Improves stability in housing location (e.g., planned moves vs. evictions and fleeing to avoid rent). Personal Effectiveness & Wellbeing • Accesses/uses preventative and necessary medical/dental services. Community-life Functioning • Attends or volunteers with community organizations, activities, support groups, spiritual supports.

  9. Assets-based Approach • Biological Needs • Psychological Needs • Social Needs • Human Capital • Social Capital • Cultural Capital Physical Mental Emotional

  10. Transition to Independence Process (TIP) System Example: Employment • Human Capital • Technical skills development • Volunteering • Job shadowing • Practicum • Apprenticeships • Social Capital • Professional networking • Cultural Capital • Current events • Destinations

  11. Next Steps • If disparities are to be reduced, service providers must acknowledge experiences of racism and discrimination within health and mental health systems at the interpersonal and intrapersonal levels, and such incidents require targeted attention at the organizational and systems levels. • Discrimination and racism should be considered in all program planning and research efforts.

  12. References • Annie E. Casey Foundation. Retrieved from http://www.aecf.org/upload/publicationfiles/fact_sheet5.pdf • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2010, June). Youth risk behavior surveillance system. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/yrbs/index.htm • Clark, H. B., & Unruh, D. K. (2009). Transition of youth & young adults with emotional or behavioral difficulties: An evidence-supported handbook. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes Publishing. • Department of Health and Human Services (2003). Glossary of terms: Child and adolescent mental health. Retrieved from http://www.mentalhealth. samhsa.gov/publications/allpubs/CA-0005/default.asp • Friedman, L., Callejas, L., Nesman, T., Mowery, D., & Gamache, P. (2006). Research with African American populations. Retrieved from http://rtckids.fmhi.usf.edu/rtcpubs/CulturalCompetence/services/CultCompServices.pdf

  13. References • Fry, R. (2004). Latino youth finishing college: The role of selective pathways. Washington, DC: Pew Charitable Trusts. Retrieved from http://www.pewtrusts.org/uploadedFiles/wwwpewtrustsorg/News/Press_Releases/Hispanics_in_America/pew_hispanic_college062304.pdf • Kaiser Family Foundation. (2006). Race, ethnicity, & health care. Retrieved from http://www.kff.org/minorityhealth/upload/7541.pdf • National Institute of Mental Health (2006). Child and adolescent mental health. Retrieved from http://www.nimh.nih.gov/healthinformation/childmenu.cfm • Surgeon General Report. (1999). African Americans. Use of mental health services. Retrieved from http://mentalhealth.samhsa.gov/cre/fact1.asp • Urban Institute. (2010). Children without health insurance. Retrieved from http://www.urban.org/pressroom/childrenwithout.cfm • Urban League. (2010). State of Black America report. New York: Author. Retrieved from http://www.nul.org/estore/content/2010-state-black-america-report

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