Sector role and coordination

1. Sector role and coordination 30 This session will look at the role of shelter sector in humanitarian response and how the sector coordinates this contribution Sri Lanka, 2008

2. Session objectives ! • The key learning objectives of this session are to form an • understanding of: • Sector Role • scale • protection and risk management • other sectors and cross-cutting issues • Discussion on coordination • 2. Coordination • context and aims • coordination process • the Cluster Approach

3. Scale www.unhcr.org • Shelter damage impacts both displaced and non-displaced populations: • UNHCR: 16 millionrefugees in 2007 (June 2008) • UNHCR: 51 millionIDPs in 2007 (June 2008) • OCHA Financial Tracking System: shelter sector received USD 179 million in 2007, 38% of the total financial need, compared with 83% for food www.internal-displacement.org www.ochaonline.un.org Smoke – the Killer in the Kitchen (ITDG Publishing, 2004) Supporting host families and refugees camps may impact health and livelihoods: eg: solid fuel smoke is the 4th greatest risk of death in the world's poorest countries, killing > 1.5 million people/year

4. Protection and risk management • 214 Jordan, 2004 • Support to shelter and settlement is important for: • survival • protection,security and safety of populations affected • minimising displacement • livelihoods recovery • A sector response aims to support until durable solutions: • transitionalsettlement for displaced populations • transitionalreconstruction for non-displaced populations

5. Protection and risk management • The location of both communities and individuals impacts: • protection andphysical security, in case of conflicts • risk management and safety in case of disasters Afghanistan, 2004

6. Other sectors and cross-cutting issues • Sector decisions impact other sectors and cross-cutting issues: • protection and security • water and sanitation • health • nutrition • logistics • psychosocial and social needs, such as privacy and dignity • livelihoods • natural-resource management and environmental impacts Pakistan, 2006

7. Session objectives ! • The key learning objectives of this session are to form an • understanding of: • Sector Role • scale • protection and risk management • other sectors and cross-cutting issues • Discussion on coordination • 2. Coordination • context and aims • coordination process • the Cluster Approach

8. 10 mins Discussion on coordination Key point • In pairs, discuss: • left side of the room:list effective ways of coordinating shelter response • right side of the room:list ineffective ways of coordinating shelter response Coordination Effective ways Ineffective ways Discussion in pairs Each pair agrees a key point

9. Session objectives ! • The key learning objectives of this session are to form an • understanding of: • Sector Role • scale • protection and risk management • other sectors and cross-cutting issues • Discussion on coordination • 2. Coordination • context and aims • coordination process • the Cluster Approach

10. Context of coordination • 30 • Coordination is a series of integrated participatory services • Those coordinating and those coordinated agree roles and • responsibilities • Coordination may happen within: • mandated frameworks, such as the cluster process; or • ad-hoc frameworks, such as between an agency and implementing partners Turkey, 1999

11. Aims of coordination • It is essential to establish effective and integrated coordination in • order to: • provide an equitable response for the beneficiaries • implement a consistent response over a period • identify gaps in response • increase efficiency and sustainability by making different stakeholders groups working together Indonesia, 2007

12. Coordinators and coordinated Kenya, 2007 • Coordination is the responsibility of all • Coordinators maximise the inclusion and value of participation by: • supporting the agreement and implementation of a strategy • involving national and local government • maintaining services requested by those coordinated • maintaining services relevant to all stakeholders • linking central and localised coordination services • linking to other sectoral coordination services • remaining responsive to the changing context Roles, responsibilities and procedures need to be agreed both for coordination meetings and coordination process as a whole

13. Coordinators and coordinated Kenya, 2007 • Coordination is the responsibility of all • Those coordinated maximise the value of their participation by: • maintaining the capacity to participate productively • ensuring actions agreed are implemented • contributing the information to the services Roles, responsibilities and procedures need to be agreed both for coordination meetings and coordination process as a whole

14. Information and coordination • Coordination services may support agreeing and sharing: • policies, strategies, principles and standards • e.g. how to offer equitable support to each affected person • ensuring that reconstruction meets national building codes • implementation steps • e.g. meeting phased objectives • hand over to government stakeholders • information • e.g. the number of buildings damaged and the level of damage • the number of people displaced • resources • e.g. the capacities in the affected community • the capacities in national government • the capacities in international stakeholders • the capacities in the local construction industry • the materials stockpiled • the funding available

15. Coordination levels and stakeholders Indonesia, 2005 • Coordination levels: • global • regional • national • local • inter-field locations • Stakeholders include: • national beneficiaries, hosts, authorities, NGO, private sector • international donors, coordinating bodies, implementers • IASC clusters early recovery, emergency shelter, logistics

16. Overview of the Cluster Approach www.humanitarian reform.org • The Cluster Approach was endorsed by the Inter-Agency • Standing Committee (IASC) in 2006 in order to address • identified gaps in humanitarian response. • The Cluster Approach aims to ensure: • sufficient global capacity • predictable leadership • strengthened accountability • improved strategic field-level coordination and prioritisation

17. www.humanitarianreform.org www.humanitarian reform.org

18. 11 clusters www.humanitarian reform.org • There are 11 Clusters: • Agriculture • Camp Coordination Camp Management • Early Recovery • Education • Emergency Shelter • Emergency Telecommunications • Health • Logistics • Nutrition • Protection • Water Sanitation and Hygiene

19. Cluster use in humanitarian response www.humanitarian reform.org The adoption of Clusters in an operation must be requested at national level and approved at global level. IASC Clusters are not adopted in all humanitarian operations. In operations where the Clusters approach is not adopted, existing coordination mechanisms are used. When Clusters are used in a response, not all of the Clusters may be convened. The remit of each Cluster may be agreed in each operation. In operations when not all of the Clusters are convened, some Clusters may take on the responsibility of others, in order to achieve coordination without gaps. In specific responses, Cluster lead agencies may delegate responsibilities to other cluster members for coordination. Other members may second staff to the coordinating member.

20. Camp Coordination Camp Management www.humanitarian reform.org • At the global level, the Camp Coordination and Management Cluster (CCCM) is co-chaired by UNHCR and IOM: • UNHCR leads for conflict-induced IDPs • IOM addresses natural disaster-induced IDPs • Global Cluster Partners: • CARE International, Danish Refugee Council (DRC), International Rescue Committee (IRC), Lutheran World Federation (LWF), NRC, OCHA, Shelter Centre, and UNEP • “…. the CCCM cluster applies to all types of communal shelter including: • Camp and camp-like situations  • Settlements  • Sites  • Collective centres existing buildings hosting displaced persons” • www.humanitarian reform.org

21. Camp Coordination Camp Management www.humanitarian reform.org • “The CCCM cluster was established to serve the following: • Systematic participation of the displaced communities in all aspects of camp life. • Access and delivery of humanitarian services to camps (also referred to as creating humanitarian space for humanitarian staff to access IDPs hosted in camps). • Effective coordination of humanitarian services / actors in a camp. • Systematic information on camp residents, humanitarian services and gaps in a camp. • Application of international standards across camps” • “The CCCM cluster does not advocate for creation of camps!” • “….CCCM does not apply to host family situations – in those situations, the community lives within existing social structures and as such the need does not arise, as in the case of collective accommodation, to have the community re-organise from the social structures of normal family life ….” • www.humanitarian reform.org

22. Early Recovery Cluster (ER) www.humanitarian reform.org • The Designated Global Cluster Lead for the Early Recovery Cluster is UNDP. • Main partners at the global level: • FAO, ICRC, IFRC, IOM, OCHA, OHCHR, UNFPA, OHCHR, UNICEF, WFP, WHO, ILO, ISDR, UN-HABITAT, UNDGO, UNEP, UNITAR, Operational Satellite Applications Programme, Shelter Centre, UNV, and UNESCO. • “Early Recovery is defined as recovery that begins early in a humanitarian setting…. It aims to generate self-sustaining nationally owned and resilient processes for post-crisis recovery.”  • “Early Recovery encompasses the restoration of basic services, livelihoods, shelter, governance, security and the rule of law, environment and social dimensions, including the reintegration of displaced populations. It stabilizes human security and addresses underlying risks that contributed to the crisis.” • www.humanitarian reform.org

23. Early Recovery Cluster (ER) www.humanitarian reform.org “The populations affected by the crisis require life saving support; their communities, institutions and livelihoods have often been physically destroyed and weakened.” “While most attention initially will be given to life saving interventions, the sooner the planning and work on recovery begins, the sooner the affected areas are stabilized and the shorter and more effective the recovery process is likely to be, as national and regional institutions progress with providing basic services and assuming governance functions such as security, local administration and justice.” “Early recovery occurs in parallel with humanitarian activities, but its objectives, mechanisms and expertise are different.” www.humanitarian reform.org

24. Emergency Shelter Cluster (ESC) www.humanitarian reform.org • At the global level, the Emergency Shelter Cluster is co-chaired by UNHCR and IFRC: • UNHCR leads for refugee and conflict IDPs • IFRC is convener in natural disasters • Members/main partners at the global level: • Care International, CHF, DRC, IOM, Norwegian Refugee Council, Oxfam, RedR, Shelter Centre, UNDP, UN-HABITAT, UNICEF, UN/OCHA and WFP. • “Training for ESC Coordination Capacity. • Training of Emergency Shelter Cluster Coordinators, Technical Coordinators and Information Managers are ongoing activities in 2008. Trainings have been held in various regions around the world, including Uganda, Somalia, Thailand, Switzerland and Panama. Two Training-of-trainers have also been held.” • www.humanitarian reform.org

25. Emergency Shelter Cluster (ESC) www.humanitarian reform.org “Provision of surge capacity staff to the ESC The co-chairs and member agencies make staff available for deployment with the ESC. Coordinators, technical experts and information managers have been deployed to numerous clusters around the world. Most recent ESC deployments have been Myanmar, Bangladesh & Tajikistan.” “Prepositioning shelter materials and NFIs. UNHCR and IFRC are collaboratively and separately reviewing current stock positioning strategies. Prepositioning solutions include tents, shelter kits and other household NFI items.” “Guidelines and standards for the shelter sector. Members of the cluster at the global level contribute to projects on various themes, including standard setting, guidelines for climatic variations, early warning/risk mapping, early recovery needs and assessment guidelines, guidelines on environmental impact and improving post-disaster information management. The outcomes of these projects are expected in 2008.” www.humanitarian reform.org

26. ESC personnel in an emergency www.humanitarian reform.org • For example, when the ESC is activated, three personnel are sent: • Cluster coordinator - assigned by the cluster lead agency to coordinate the cluster/sector in the emergency • Technical specialist - supports the cluster coordinator and cluster as a whole and ensures that sound technical advise is adhered to in the operation • Information manager – manages the collection, analysis, and dissemination of data in support of the cluster

27. Bibliography www.humanitarianreform.org www.humanitarianinfo.org ‘Handbook for Emergencies’(UNHCR, 2007) ‘Transitional Settlement and Reconstruction after Natural Disasters’ (United Nations, 2008)