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Step 5 Training Session: Interview Techniques

Step 5 Training Session: Interview Techniques. Questions. Generate useful information Focus on reasons or motives Invite unanticipated findings Non-threatening. Avoid . Subtly leading What do you like about? Double barreled What do you like and dislike? Laden terms Difficult to answer

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Step 5 Training Session: Interview Techniques

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  1. Step 5 Training Session:Interview Techniques

  2. Questions • Generate useful information • Focus on reasons or motives • Invite unanticipated findings • Non-threatening

  3. Avoid • Subtly leading • What do you like about? • Double barreled • What do you like and dislike? • Laden terms • Difficult to answer • Make people feel bad

  4. Effectiveness • Setting and atmosphere • Informant or Respondent • Interview guide • Interviewer • Characteristics • Skills

  5. Physical Setting • Private • Comfortable • Few physical barriers • Level of heads equal • Ability to take notes • Tape player in non-intrusive place, facing so can watch tape

  6. Atmosphere • Friendly • Respectful • Attentive listening • Curiosity • Confident

  7. Informant • Knowledgeable about topic of interest • Willing to share • Articulate • Comfortable with task and setting

  8. Taking Notes • As validation of research role • Aid to memory during interview • Key words for constructing interviews • Recording non-verbal cues and impressions • Confidentiality

  9. Informed Consent Issues • Make explicit • Length of time • Benefits • Nature and likelihood of risks • Assurance of confidentiality • Who has access and for what purposes

  10. Interview Guide • Introduction • Key questions • Closing

  11. Introduction • Explain who we are • Explain purpose • Explain procedures • Explain and give opportunity to sign consent forms • Express interest in hearing different points of view

  12. Closing • Opportunity to clarify • Last minute thoughts • Express appreciation

  13. Order of Questions • Least to most threatening • Tunnel vs. Funnel • General questions before specific questions • Positive questions before negative questions • Uncued questions before cued questions • Flexibility

  14. Guiding Discussion • Conversational • Flexible: able to think on feet • Stay focused • Neutral

  15. Listening • Listens intelligently • Enthusiasm for the topic • Genuine interest in what subject has to say • Responds to non-verbal cues • Totally focused at all times • Can handle contradictory information with sensitivity

  16. Other Skills • Non-judgmental • Compassionate • Puts participants comfort first • Willing to share feelings when appropriate • Do not talk unnecessarily • Do not share information that would bias • Handles distractions well

  17. Listening • Attending: verbal and non-verbal signs that you are paying full attention. • Encouraging responses: to indicate you are listening and encourage respondents to continue talking.

  18. Internal Dialogue • What else do I need to ask to understand what this person means? • Am I hearing everything I need to know to understand the answer to the research problem? What else should I ask? • How much time do I have left?

  19. Redirecting Discussion • Let's move on • That brings up a related issue.. • Let me ask that we hold this discussion for a few moments so that I can ask.... • We only have a little time left, so…

  20. Probing • What does this mean anyway? • What does this suggest we can do to solve the problem/realize the project's goals? • How do I get beyond the intellectualizing to feelings?

  21. The Silent Probe • 5 seconds while maintaining eye contact • To clarify or illuminate clarify or illuminate

  22. Paralanguage • Umms • Uh-huhs • Grunts • Tone of voice is always important

  23. Elaborating • "Could you tell me more about that?" • "Could you tell me more about your thinking on that?" • "You started to say something about ...." • "Is there anything else?" • "How do you mean?“

  24. Specifying • What specifically about _____ makes you feel that way? • What else do you think about _________? • What other reasons do you have for feeling that way? • What else do you think about that? • I'd like to know more about your thinking on that issue.

  25. Laddering Techniques • Ask series of questions to get more specific comments and uncover root cause or meaning • In what way is it good? • What does that mean to you? • How does that make you feel? • Be Careful Not to Lead

  26. Ask for Specific Examples • "I see, well, could you give me an example?" • “Can you give me a description of….” • “How might someone do that?” • “What are some specific examples of ______________?" • "Would you give me an example of what you mean?"

  27. Clarifying • "I don't understand." • "I'm not sure I understand how you are using the word ______." • "I'm a bit confused, could you try again to explain what ____." • "Could you explain what you mean by _____."

  28. Encouraging • To reassure them and encourage them to continue • Uh-huh • Yes..Yes • I see

  29. Repeating • Whenever there is confusion, may begin by repeating question • May rephrase if use parallel question form • “Let me repeat the question…(repeat it) • “Well, in your opinion…(repeat it) • “Well, all things considered…(repeat it) • “So, the message you want me to get from that story is…”

  30. Practice Session Break into triads Give feedback to each other Focus on Probing

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