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Discussant Remarks. Jon R. Star Michigan State University. Reframe the problem. Push a bit on what you are calling “error” and “generalization” Challenge: Are you over-generalizing? Is focus on “errors” on target?. New situations. Known strategies or reasoning.
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Discussant Remarks Jon R. Star Michigan State University NCTM Research PreSession
Reframe the problem... • Push a bit on what you are calling “error” and “generalization” • Challenge: • Are you over-generalizing? • Is focus on “errors” on target? NCTM Research PreSession
New situations Known strategies or reasoning NCTM Research PreSession
“Errors” of “generalization” • There are many ways for this process to go awry NCTM Research PreSession
Appropriate generalization? New situations Known strategies or reasoning NCTM Research PreSession
Over- generalization? New situations Known strategies or reasoning X X NCTM Research PreSession
Absence of generalization? New situations Known strategies or reasoning NCTM Research PreSession
Appropriate generalization? New situations Known strategies or reasoning NCTM Research PreSession
How togeneralize? New situations Known strategies or reasoning ? NCTM Research PreSession
“Errors”? • Useful for researchers and teachers to understand how students decide to apply known strategies and reasoning to new situations • What features of the source are useful in deciding to how to apply strategies or reasoning in new situations? NCTM Research PreSession
Analogical reasoning • Retrieve strategy from memory • Map elements of new problem to elements of known strategy • Adapt known strategy for use in new problem Gick & Holyoak, 1980; Novick & Holyoak, 1991; Novick, 1988, 1995; Reed, 1989; Ross, 1987; Gentner, 1983 NCTM Research PreSession
Retrieve New situation NCTM Research PreSession
Map Known strategies or reasoning New situation BlueRoundOvalIsosceles Triangle BlueRoundMedium-sizedCircleNo other shapes NCTM Research PreSession
Adapt Known strategies or reasoning New situation NCTM Research PreSession
Challenges... • Retrieve: • Hard • Map: • Harder • Adapt: • Hardest NCTM Research PreSession
Thanks! Jon R. Star jonstar@msu.edu Michigan State University NCTM Research PreSession