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Challenges and Strategies for Industrial Water Reuse

Explore the global landscape of water reuse in industries, addressing the quantity, quality, and technical solutions required for sustainable practices. Discuss the potential, challenges, and benefits of recycling wastewater in various sectors. Discover how industry can reduce water consumption while meeting quality standards.

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Challenges and Strategies for Industrial Water Reuse

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  1. Industrial waterreusechallenges Dr. Norbert Kreuzinger Technische Universität WienInstitute for Water Quality and Resource Management Karlsplatz 13/226-1 1040 Viernna – Austria norbkreu@iwag.tuwien.ac.at 24/25.10.2018 - ATG meeting MIlano - Kreuzinger

  2. Wateruse in industry – theframe • Globally ~20% of water withdrawals for industry • ~90% of that amount is cooling water usually returned to the natural water cycle at the point of withdrawal • Very strong link between (production) processes and water quantity & quality required • from mining • to semiconductors 24/25.10.2018 - ATG meeting MIlano - Kreuzinger

  3. Isreuseofwastewater a topic at all? • Strong tendency in industry to reduce water withdrawal and per product use of water • Paper: 700 l/t -> 7 l/t • Steel: 280 m³/t -> 14 m³/t • How: • Increase of process efficiencies • Increase of internal recycling rate • Driver: costs • Pumping of water & treatment for discharge criteriavrs. recycling for internal reuse • Water – Energy – Nexus! 24/25.10.2018 - ATG meeting MIlano - Kreuzinger

  4. Closing the loop vrs. use of reclaimed water • Quality cascade • Loop can not be cycled “forever” • ~ 10 % “fresh”; unpolluted water has to be channelled in mainly due to losses in regeneration process and in the output stream to channel out material • Internal recycling - you know what you have • Quantity • Quality • Stability / constancy • Optimized technical solutions • Projectable costs 24/25.10.2018 - ATG meeting MIlano - Kreuzinger

  5. Reuse ofwastewater – shareofsectors GWI (2010) GWI/PUB Water Reuse Inventory, Global Water Intelligence 24/25.10.2018 - ATG meeting MIlano - Kreuzinger

  6. Industrial reuseofwastewater • Basically, technologies are available for all applications / purposes • Where there is “no” water, even today reuse in fields with very high quality demand (e.g. semiconductors in Singapure) • Reuse of municipal wastewater today mainly for • Petroleum Production and Refining • Mining and Metals • Power • Manufacturing / process water • Chemicals • Cooling 24/25.10.2018 - ATG meeting MIlano - Kreuzinger

  7. Industrial reuseofwastewater • Potential • Cooling Water • Once-Through Cooling Water Systems • Recirculating Evaporative Cooling Water Systems • Boiler Make-up Water • Industrial Process Water • Pulp and Paper Industry • Chemical Industry • Textile Industry • Petroleum and Coal 24/25.10.2018 - ATG meeting MIlano - Kreuzinger

  8. Industrial reuseofwastewater • Potential (cont) • process water (for example, concrete batching plants) • washdown water; • fire protection (such as sprinkler systems) • dust control/suppression • quarries and mines • Reuse of municipal wastewater for mining in US since 1940s • Open channel / closed systems • Prevention of aerosols to protect workers (exposure) 24/25.10.2018 - ATG meeting MIlano - Kreuzinger

  9. General challenges for industrial reuse • Substances in uwweg: • NH4 • contribution to corrosion • nutrient for biofilm growth • PO4 • precipitation with Ca; NH4; … -> scaling of pipes and pumps • Nutrient for biofilm growth • Solids • Fouling • “Salts & metals” • Corrosion • Precipitation • Pathogenic and environmental microbioloy 24/25.10.2018 - ATG meeting MIlano - Kreuzinger

  10. General challenges for industrial reuse • consequence • Protection of products, processes, machinery and workers • Targeted treatment for required quality to remove problematic substances may be high-> cost – benefit analysis • Channelling out of concentrated “brines” with “pollutants” • Addition of chemicals to prevent operational problems • Antiscaling agents • Antifouling agents • Hardness conditioners • … • -> topic “micropollutants” 24/25.10.2018 - ATG meeting MIlano - Kreuzinger

  11. Quality standards and requirements • Human health in focus • Technical requirements / other quality parameters are in the core interest of the industry. They will do what is necessary to protect their investments eg. Australia 24/25.10.2018 - ATG meeting MIlano - Kreuzinger

  12. Howtomotivateindustryforrecycling and reuse (internal & uww) • Advertising the possibility and providing a legal framework • Industry already faces consequences resulting from climate change effects on water availability and go for new permits • Link “trade offs” and deals related to permissions • Stringent discharge / effluent criteria • Higher costs for treatment needs to meet environmental requirements brings costs closer to those for internal reuse 24/25.10.2018 - ATG meeting MIlano - Kreuzinger

  13. 24/25.10.2018 - ATG meeting MIlano - Kreuzinger

  14. Uwwreusefromthepointof a „northern“ country • Even northern countries nowadays are keen on reuse du to climate • Summer 2018 • Burning forstszB Sweden • No rain in Helsinki for 4 month • Crop and corn did not mature • … • Lowest flow ever in Danube river • Cooling water for industry and energy production • Much less hydro electric power produced • “average” situation in a country < > Local situation 24/25.10.2018 - ATG meeting MIlano - Kreuzinger

  15. Example soccer fields in Austria • 1 soccer field: 105 x 68 m ≈ 7.000 m² • There is a standard for irrigation of soccer fields (DIN 18035-2) • Depending on construction of field (draining); type of lawn, weather conditions, … irrigation is needed al least 6-10 days after the last wetening rain event • 15 - 25 L/m² (15-25 mm) per irrigation event for 7.000 m² that is 175 m³ per irrigation event • 1 irrigation event corresponds to a daily flow of 2 L/s in a river ! • At 700-1000 mm/a rainfalltheirrigationdemandfor~2.000 soccer fiels in Austria ≡ 2.000.000 m³/a (≈ 40.000 EGWhyd) Kreuzinger 25.2.2015

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