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THE HIGHWAY SAFETY MANUAL

THE HIGHWAY SAFETY MANUAL. Michael S. Griffith Federal Highway Administration July 26 th , 2004. Growing Recognition …. Professionals do not have the needed tools to explicitly consider safety when making decisions related to highway facilities. What is the Highway Safety Manual (or HSM)?.

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THE HIGHWAY SAFETY MANUAL

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  1. THE HIGHWAY SAFETY MANUAL Michael S. Griffith Federal Highway Administration July 26th, 2004

  2. Growing Recognition … Professionals do not have the needed tools to explicitly consider safety when making decisions related to highway facilities.

  3. What is the Highway Safety Manual (or HSM)? • Purpose: to provide the best factual information and tools in a useful form to facilitate roadway planning, design, operations, and maintenance decisions based on explicit consideration of their safety consequences

  4. Targeted Users • Primarily, analysts studying the impact of actions on roadway users • Planning, design and operations studies • Secondary users • Management • Educational Institutions

  5. Research & Development • Relevant NCHRP efforts: • NCHRP 17-18(4): HSM scoping study and development of prototype chapter on rural two-lane highways: Completed • NCHRP Project 17-26: Development of Models for Prediction of Expected Safety Performance for Urban and Suburban Arterials: Started March 2003 • NCHRP 17-27: Prepare Parts I and II of the Highway Safety Manual – Started May 2004 • NCHRP 17-29: Safety Prediction Models for Rural Multilane Highways for Use in the Highway Safety Manual – Started May 2004 • Other efforts: SafetyAnalyst, IHSDM, and Human Factors Guide

  6. Resources • Development of a Highway Safety Manual - Final Report, March 2004 • Development of a Highway Safety Manual – Research Results Digest, March 2004, Number 286 • Website – http://www.highwaysafetymanual.org/

  7. Outline for Initial Version of the HSM Part I – Introduction and Fundamentals Part II – Knowledge Part III – Predictive Methods Part IV – Safety Management of a Roadway System Part V – Safety Evaluation Glossary

  8. Part I – Introduction and Fundamentals

  9. Part I - Chapter 1Introduction and Overview 1.1. Purpose 1.2. Background on the Need for HSM 1.3. Scope of the HSM 1.4. Intended Audience 1.5. Intended Use of the HSM 1.6. Context for the HSM: Use and Misuse of the Manual 1.7. Nature of the HSM 1.8. Organization of HSM

  10. Part I - Chapter 2Fundamentals 2.1. What is Safety? 2.2. How Road Safety is Measured? 2.3. Effect of Traffic Volume & Vehicle Mix 2.4. Safety Performance Functions and Crash Modification Factors 2.5. Human Factors in Road Safety 2.6. Speed and Safety

  11. Part II - Knowledge

  12. Part II - Chapter 3Roadway Segments 3.1. Safety Effects of Highway Design Elements 3.2. Safety Effects of Traffic Control and Operational Elements 3.3. Pedestrian and Bicycle Safety on Roadway Segments 3.4. Safety Effects of Other Elements

  13. Part II - Chapter 4Intersections 4.1. Safety Effects of Intersection Design Elements 4.2. Safety Effects of Intersection Traffic Control and Other Operational Elements 4.3. Safety Effects of Other Intersection Related Features 4.4 Pedestrian and Bicycle Safety at Intersections

  14. Part II - Chapter 5Interchanges 5.1. Safety Effects of Interchange Design Elements 5.2. Safety Effects of Traffic Control and Operations Elements

  15. Part II - Chapter 6Special Facilities and Geometric Situations 6.1. Railroad-Highway Grade Crossings 6.2. Construction and Maintenance Work Zone Areas

  16. Part II - Chapter 7Road Networks 7.1. Introduction 7.2. Safety in Transportation Network Planning 7.3. Safety in the Planning and Design of Residential Neighborhoods and Commercial Areas 7.4. One-Way Systems and Turn Restrictions 7.5. Safety in Traffic Calming 7.6. Access Management 7.7. Road-use Culture

  17. Part III – Predictive Methods

  18. Part III - Chapter 8Rural, Two-Lane Roads 8.1. Introduction 8.2. Methodology 8.3. Applications 8.4. Example Problems 8.5. References Appendices

  19. Prototype Chapter 8 - Overview • Scope: Estimates the safety performance of a rural two-lane highway segments and at-grade intersections • Applications • Individual segments and intersections • Overall project

  20. Prototype Chapter 8 - Overview • Explicitly Considers: • Roadway Segments (ADT, lane & shoulder width, shoulder type, horizontal curvature, grade, driveways, and roadside design) • Intersections (type of control, number of approach lanes & volume, sight distance, skew angle, and turn lanes)

  21. Part III - Chapter 9Rural, Multi-Lane Highways 9.1. Introduction 9.2. Methodology 9.3. Applications 9.4. Safety Issues Not Explicitly addressed by the Methodology 9.5. Example Problems 9.6. References

  22. Part III - Chapter 10Urban/Suburban Arterial Highways 10.1. Introduction 10.2. Methodology 10.3. Application 10.4. Safety Issues Not Explicitly addressed by the Methodology 10.5. Example Problems 10.6. References

  23. Part IV – Safety Management of a Roadway System • Chapter 11. Identification of Sites with Promise • Chapter 12. Diagnosis of the Nature of Safety Problems at Specific Sites • Chapter 13. Selection of Countermeasures to Reduce Accident Frequency and Severity at Specific Sites • Chapter 14. Economic Appraisal of all Sites under Consideration • Chapter 15. Prioritized Rankings of Improvement Projects

  24. Part V – Safety Evaluation

  25. Part V - Chapter 16Safety Evaluation of Implemented Measures 16.1. Introduction 16.2. Why Evaluate? 16.3. Data Needs and Limitations 16.4. Approach to Conducting A Valid Evaluation

  26. When available? • First edition expected to be released in 2007 or 2008.

  27. Data Requirements for HSM • Data Requirements Guide will be developed.

  28. Requirements R = Data is Required and there is no default value (the process would be incomplete without the user entering the data). RD = Data is Required and there is a Default Value if the user does not enter the data. O = Data is used by the process if available but is Optional.

  29. Basic Data Needs • Crash • Roadway • Traffic

  30. Prototype Chapter (Rural, Two-Lane Roads)

  31. Crash Data - Required • Crash History Data Frequency and Severity Data by Location and by Year

  32. Traffic Data - Required Average Daily Traffic by location

  33. Roadway Data – Horizontal Data Elements Tangent Simple Curve Spiral Curve Deflection Heading Coordinate Station Equation

  34. Roadway Data – Vertical Data Elements Vertical Point of Intersection Elevation Tangent Curve

  35. Roadway Data – Cross Section Data Elements Pavement (Cross Slope) Shoulder (Width and Type)

  36. Roadway Data – Lane Group Data Elements Thru Passing Turn Two-way left-turn Climb

  37. Roadway Data – Roadside Group Data Elements Driveway Density Hazard Rating

  38. Intersection Data Traffic Control Number of Legs Intersection Sight Distance Number of approach lanes & volume Turn lanes Skew angle

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