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Some Basic Soil info

Some Basic Soil info. Soil Deposit. http://www.geo.lsa.umich.edu/~crlb/COURSES/205/Lec17/lec17.html#slide4. O = Organic A = Topsoil B = Subsoil C = Parent Material R = Bedrock. Soil Horizons. http://www.mo15.nrcs.usda.gov/features/wissoil/index.html. More on Soil Horizons.

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Some Basic Soil info

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  1. Some Basic Soil info

  2. Soil Deposit http://www.geo.lsa.umich.edu/~crlb/COURSES/205/Lec17/lec17.html#slide4

  3. O = Organic A = Topsoil B = Subsoil C = Parent Material R = Bedrock Soil Horizons http://www.mo15.nrcs.usda.gov/features/wissoil/index.html

  4. More on Soil Horizons http://www.geo.lsa.umich.edu/~crlb/COURSES/205/Lec17/lec17.html#slide4

  5. Soils Triangle Image from http://homepages.which.net/~fred.moor/soil/formed/f0107.htm

  6. http://www.wm.edu/geology/geo305/Lecture15/

  7. Soil Erosion http://www.geo.lsa.umich.edu/~crlb/COURSES/205/Lec17/lec17.html#slide4

  8. What is Salinization? • Salinization is the process by which water-soluble salts accumulate in the soil. • Salinization is a resource concern because excess salts hinder the growth of crops by limiting their ability to take up water. • Salinization may occur naturally or because of conditions resulting from management practices

  9. Processes affecting Salinization • hydrology • climate • irrigation • drainage • plant cover and rooting characteristics • farming practices

  10. Causes of Salinization? • Salinization on the soil surface occurs where the following conditions occur together: • the presence of soluble salts, such as sulfates of sodium, calcium, and magnesium in the soil • a high water table • a high rate of evaporation • low annual rainfall

  11. Effects of Salinization • Salts in the soil increase the efforts by plant roots to take in water. • High levels of salt in the soil have a similar effect as droughtiness by making water less available for uptake by plant roots. • Often restricts options for cropping in a given land area. • Degrades the quality of shallow ground water and surface water resources, such as ponds, sloughs, and dugouts.

  12. HOW DOES CALICHE AFFECT A PLANT? • Reduces water penetration, causing inadequate root aeration and salt accumulation in the soil surface. Reduces plant vigor. • Reduces root penetration, restricting normal root development. This restricts the plant's ability to use soil nutrients and water. • The high pH restricts the plant's ability to use many micro-nutrients. Iron deficiency is the most common problem associated with this condition.

  13. References Lithgow-Bertelloni, C. (1999) Soils: formation and characteristics.http://www.geo.lsa.umich.edu/~crlb/COURSES/205/Lec17/lec17.html#slide4 http://www.mo15.nrcs.usda.gov/features/wissoil/index.html http://homepages.which.net/~fred.moor/soil/formed/f0107.htm Hancock,G (2001) Soil profiles and horizons.http://www.wm.edu/geology/geo305/Lecture15/ USDA http://soils.usda.gov

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