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The Egyptians 3000 - 332 BC

The Egyptians 3000 - 332 BC. Chapter 1 Section 2. The Old Kingdom 2700-2200 BCE. Established by Narmar - Begins rule by Dynasty - Line of rulers by 1 family Strong National Monarchy - Viewed as a Political leader but also a God on Earth

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The Egyptians 3000 - 332 BC

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  1. The Egyptians 3000 - 332 BC Chapter 1 Section 2

  2. The Old Kingdom2700-2200 BCE • Established by Narmar - Begins rule by Dynasty - Line of rulers by 1 family • Strong National Monarchy - Viewed as a Political leader but also a God on Earth • Bureaucracy - Group of government officials that carried out trade, collected taxes and supervised public works • Creation of the Pyramids

  3. Middle Kingdom2050-1800 BC • Moved the capital to Thebes • Expanded cultivating area around the Nile • Many military campaigns • Period of Foreign Rule

  4. New Kingdom1600 - 332 BC (conquered by Kushites) • Founded by Ahmose - A military leader assumes title of Pharaoh - “Great House of the King” • Civilization expands to an empire • Benefit from cultural diffusion from other empires • Great wealth gained from conquest

  5. Egyptian Rulers • Hatshepsut - Extensive building programs, great funeral temple, and a tomb built in the Valley of the Kings • First Female Pharaoh - Originally dawned a beard and dressed as a male to more look the part • Thutmose III - Created the Egyptian empire - united all the territories

  6. Rulers Cont. • Amenhotep - Broke the Egyptian tradition of worshiping many deities • Worshipped Aton - Sun-disk God • Changed name to Akhenaton - Spirit of Aton • Ramses II - Reigned for 67 years - Great Pharaoh who greatly expanded the empire

  7. Egyptian Daily Life • 5 million people • Many social classes Top - Royalty, nobles, and priests. Second - Middle class of artisans, scribes, merchants, and tax collectors. Lower Class (Most People) - Farmers • Women - Old kingdom - seen as property and producers of children • Empire - Legal rights - own property, divorce, and other legal proceedings.

  8. Egyptian Religion • Guided every aspect of Egyptian Daily life • Originally Polytheistic: Amon-Ra(Sun), Osiris(Dead), etc… • Devoted much of their time and wealth to preparing for the afterlife • Embalming - Keep the bodies from decaying - Dried, shrunken - Mummification

  9. Writing System • Hieroglyphics - Pictures that stood for objects, ideas, and sounds • Hieratic - Everyday business - Cursive, flowing script that simplified and connected the picture symbols • Few Egyptians could read or write - Scribes with careers in government or commerce

  10. Achievements • Pyramids • Number system - Calculate area and volume • 365 day calendar • Medical expertise

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