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Session 4: Renaissance and Religious Turmoil. The Catholic Counter-Reformation. Lesson Objectives. Analyze the goals and reforms of the Catholic Counter-Reformation. Identify the characteristics of the Jesuits and their support of the Catholic Counter-Reformation.
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Session 4: Renaissance and Religious Turmoil The Catholic Counter-Reformation
Lesson Objectives • Analyze the goals and reforms of the Catholic Counter-Reformation. • Identify the characteristics of the Jesuits and their support of the Catholic Counter-Reformation. • Explain how the Habsburg family supported the Catholic Church and their role in the Spanish Armada and 30 Years War. • Explain the legacy of the Reformation and how it affected the European continent.
The Catholic Reformation • Much of Europe remained under Catholic control, however much of northern Europe was lost to the Protestant Reformation. • Pope Paul III commissioned a council to meet to devise means of reforming the Catholic Church. • The Council of Trent met from 1545 to 1563 and levied the following reforms. • The Inquisition would try and judge heretics and reestablish the Pope’s control • The Church held the only true interpretation of the Bible, and salvation required more than faith. • Forbade the selling of indulgences • Clergy must follow strict rules of behavior • A renewal of religious enthusiasm in the arts and music called baroque.
The Jesuits • The Catholic Church sought to halt Protestantism in two phases, reform and then to launch a missionary offensive to reclaim Protestant territory. • One such missionary, Ignatius of Loyola founded the Society of Jesus, later known as the Jesuits to win souls by education instead of the sword. • Pledging absolute obedience to the pope, the Jesuits preached to the people, helped the poor, worked as missionaries and opened colleges and universities throughout the world.
Habsburgs: Guardians of Catholicism • A royal family who for years had been the line of succession for Holy Roman Emperor and had influences throughout Europe, took on the primary role of defeating Protestantism. • The Habsburgs of Spain (King Phillip II) had sought to invade Protestant England. The Spanish Armada, however, was defeated by the English in 1588. • The Habsburgs of Austria, attempted to defeat the Protestant princes of Germany in an ongoing series of battles from 1618-1648 known as the 30 Years War. Influenced much of Central Europe to remain Catholic.
Legacy of the Reformation • With the signing of the Peace of Westphalia at the conclusion of the 30 Years War, Protestant religions were now recognized. • Although wars of religion had ended, new emerging national powers (England, France, Spain, Habsburg Austria, etc.) fought many wars in which religion was an underlying cause. • The new religions of the Reformation also created a large population of religious dissidents many of which were persecuted and sought refuge in new lands.
Check for Understanding • What were the goals of the Catholic Counter-Reformation, did they actually reform? • Who were the Jesuits? How did they support the Counter-Reformation? • How did the Habsburg act as protectors of the Catholic Church? Were they successful? • What was the Peace of Westphalia? What was the legacy of the Reformation?
Next Class • TEST: Renaissance and Religious Turmoil • Monday: UNIT 2: Asian and American Empires
