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10/ 10 Focus:

10/ 10 Focus: Belief systems developed with the earliest humans, who saw the world as being full of spirits. With the development of civilization, more complex belief systems developed Hinduism developed in India Do Now:

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10/ 10 Focus:

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  1. 10/10 Focus: • Belief systems developed with the earliest humans, who saw the world as being full of spirits. • With the development of civilization, more complex belief systems developed • Hinduism developed in India • Do Now: • What type of jobs did untouchables perform under the caste system in India

  2. The Caste System Brahmins (priests) Kshatriyas (warriors) Vaishyas (herders, farmers, merchants, craftspeople) Sudras (servants, laborers) Non-Aryans Untouchables

  3. Hinduism

  4. Hinduism • One of the world’s oldest religions • Over 3,000 years old • No single founder • Formed from the beliefs of the diverse groups who settled in India • Original people of the Indus valley • Aryans

  5. Origins • Developed from the Vedas • 3500 – 2500 years ago • Polytheism • rituals and many gods • Sacred texts • The Caste System

  6. Brahman • One universal spirit • Appears as many different gods • This gave people a concrete way to worship and understand an impersonal god

  7. Atman • The individual soul of human beings

  8. Moksha • Ultimate goal of Hinduism • Union with the universal spiritual force (Brahman) • Release from worldly cares and difficulties • Atman + Brahman = Moksha

  9. Reincarnation • Sometimes called Samsara • Atman is reborn into the world after death • Continues until union with the Brahman

  10. Dharma • Spiritual and moral duties that must be followed

  11. Karma • All of the deeds of a person’s life • Allows people to continue towards Brahman • Goods deeds • Reincarnated into a higher castes • Bad deeds • Reincarnated into a lower caste or stuck in the same level

  12. Sacred Texts • Vedas • Upanishads • Nature of the world and meaning of life • Ramayana and Mahabharata • Epic poems • Discuss importance of following dharma

  13. Hindu Gods • Brahma • The god of creation

  14. Hindu Gods • Vishnu • The preserver god • Appears as ten different avatars Krishna with his consort Radha ; appears in the Mahabharata

  15. Shiva • God of destruction • Constructive destruction Shiva with his wife, Parvati, and his son Ganesha

  16. How Ganesha got his Elephant Head • Parvati (Ganesha’s mom) told him to stay outsideher bath and allow no one to enter • Shiva arrived, and because he had been away fora long time, Ganesha didn’t recognize his dad • When Ganesha refused to allow Shiva to enter,Shiva cut off his head • Parvati refused to allow Shiva into her bedroomunless Ganesha was returned to life • Shiva took the head from the next animal toappear, and restored Ganesha to life with anelephant’s head

  17. All of the many Hindu deities are manifestations of the spirit Brahman

  18. Closure • What is the ultimate goal of Hinduism? • What is the connection between reincarnation and the caste system? • Identify one sacred Hindu text.

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