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High Gothic Cathedrals in France

High Gothic Cathedrals in France. Prestige of the French crown grows as of 1200. Richard I of England died unexpectedly in 1199 French king Phillip II conquered Normandy and Anjou starting in 1204. 1200. 1154.

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High Gothic Cathedrals in France

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  1. High Gothic Cathedrals in France

  2. Prestige of the French crown grows as of 1200 Richard I of England died unexpectedly in 1199 French king Phillip II conquered Normandy and Anjou starting in 1204 1200 1154

  3. I. The problematic classification “High Gothic.” Wilson’s view vs. that of others. The Five Major High Gothic Cathedrals Beauvais, 1227-69 Chartres, 1194-1221 Bourges, 1195-1255 Reims, 1211-41 & Amiens, 1220-30

  4. I. Classification “High Gothic” - Why aren’t the Rayonnant cathedrals the “high” point? Rayonnant Cathedrals The Five Major High Gothic Cathedrals Chartres, 1194-1221 Bourges, 1195-1255 St.-Denis’s nave 1230-50, Paris Reims, 1211-41 Amiens, 1220-30 Beauvais, 1227-69 Strasbourg, 1240-77 Cologne, Germany 1248-1322 Nôtre-Dame’s transepts, 1245-60

  5. I. Classification “High Gothic” - Why aren’t the Rayonnant cathedrals the “high” point? modernist privileging of “primitive” over “classic” phases of art Reims Cathedral Amiens Cathedral Beauvais Cathedral High Gothic: Reims, Amiens, and Beauvais, begun between 1210 and 1225

  6. High Gothic attributes according to Wilson Chartres Cathedral Bourges Cathedral

  7. I. Problematic “High Gothic” - why not consider it a transitional phase between Early Gothic and the real high point (Rayonnant)? The Five Major High Gothic Cathedrals Chartres, 1194-1221 Bourges, 1195-1255 Reims, 1211-41 & Amiens, 1220-30 Beauvais, 1227-69

  8. I. Problematic “High Gothic” High Gothic attributes: light, height, and spatial unity (Jean Bony) Early Gothic Laon Cathedral, 1150s-1205 High Gothic Chartres Cathedral, 1194-1220 Gallery omitted Triforium as intermediary Clerestory extends below the springing of the vaults.

  9. I. Problematic “High Gothic” High Gothic attributes: light, height, and spatial unity (Jean Bony) High Gothic Chartres Cathedral, 1194-1220 Gallery omitted Triforium as intermediary Clerestory extends below the springing of the vaults. Laon Chartres

  10. I. Problematic “High Gothic” High Gothic attributes: light, height, and spatial unity (Jean Bony) Beauvais Cathedral begun 1227 nave height 147'

  11. I. Problematic “High Gothic” High Gothic attributes: light, height, and spatial unity (Jean Bony) Amiens Cathedral Heights of clerestory windows in Early to High Gothic nave elevations 12th-13th century

  12. I. Problematic “High Gothic” High Gothic attributes: most important is light (Wilson) Chartres Cathedral, 1194-1220 It’s about the windows (Wilson). Reworking of everything to emphasize the clerestory’s dominance

  13. II. How do all High Gothic churches seem to strive toward greater spatial unity, greater height, and greater illumination but in slightly different ways? Chartres Cathedral (Nôtre-Dame), Chartres, France, 1194-1221

  14. Bourges Cathedral (St.-Étienne), Bourges, France, 1195-1255

  15. 1. How does the exterior massing contribute to a unified appearance? Chartres Cathedral Bourges Cathedral

  16. 2. How does the High Gothic plan contribute to spatial unity? High Gothic cathedrals Early Gothic churches Laon Bourges Cathedral 5-aisle basilica Chartres Cathedral Notre-Dam

  17. 3. How does pointed arch allow for greater spatial unity? quadripartite rib vaults (Chartres) quadripartite rib vaults (Chartres)

  18. 3. How does pointed arch allow for greater spatial unity? sexpartite rib vaults (Bourges) sexpartite rib vaults (Bourges)

  19. 4. How do three structural features combine to make a soaring, luminous Gothic space? rib vaults Bourges Cathedral walls can be thin or simply glazed

  20. 4. How do three structural features combine to make a soaring, luminous Gothic space? Bourges Cathedral windows can be wider

  21. 4. How do three structural features combine to make a soaring, luminous Gothic space? Flying buttresses allow for longer windows pier-to-pier windows 1 : 1 Chartres Cathedral, south flank

  22. 4. How do three structural features combine to make a soaring, luminous Gothic space? no tribune gallery + high clerestorey ↓ flying buttresses tribune gallery supports nave vault

  23. 4. How do three structural features combine to make a soaring, luminous Gothic space? Chartres Cathedral

  24. 4. How do three structural features combine to make a soaring, luminous Gothic space? Chartres Cathedral

  25. 4. How do three structural features combine to make a soaring, luminous Gothic space? Chartres Cathedral 113'

  26. 4. How do three structural features combine to make a soaring, luminous Gothic space? Early Gothic Laon Cathedral, 1150s-1205 High Gothic Chartres Cathedral, 1194-1220

  27. 4. How do three structural features combine to make a soaring, luminous Gothic space?

  28. 5. Design of the High Gothic nave elevation larger clerestory windows also made possible by eliminating the gallery Light enters through full length of long and wide clerestory windows. triforium early Gothic high Gothic

  29. 5. Design of the High Gothic nave elevation The triforiumenlivens the dead zone where the pent roof is Pent roof protects aisle vaults Chartres Cathedral

  30. 5. Design of the High Gothic nave elevation Chartres Cathedral 1 : 1

  31. 5. Design of the High Gothic nave elevation Bourges Cathedral nave clerestory nave triforium aisle clerestory aisle triforium nave arcade aisle arcade

  32. 5. Design of the High Gothic nave elevation piliercantonné Bourges Cathedral Chartres Cathedral

  33. Bourges Cathedral, 1190s

  34. Rayonnant Style: Pinnacle of French Gothic or Sign of Imminent Decadence? Rayonnant (French for radiating, refers to the spokes of the rose window) High Gothic “Lancet Gothic” 1190-1230 Rayonnant Gothic 1230-1350 Flamboyant Gothic 1350-1500 19th-century classification system based on the form of window tracery

  35. Rayonnant Style: Gothic Paradigm or Sign of Imminent Decadence? Wilson: Rayonnant Style is the French Gothic Paradigm Early Gothic 1140-90 High Gothic 1190-1230 Rayonnant Gothic 1230-1350

  36. Wilson: Rayonnant Gothic in France begins with St.-Denis in 1230s new upper stories of choir as redesigned in 1231 façade 1130s choir 1140-44 old upper stories of choir as completed in 1150s (hypothetical)

  37. Wilson: Rayonnant Gothic in France begins with St.-Denis in 1230s upper part of choir b. in 1231 enhanced tracery (graduated bar tracery) glazed triforium Detail of bar tracery on Ste.-Chapelle, Paris

  38. St.-Denis, upper choir begun in1231 and the other bays of the nave in 1250

  39. Rayonnant style at Nôtre-Dame façade 1200-1445 south transept 1258-60

  40. Nôtre-Dame – south transept Squaring the rose Rim of rose is just another tracery bar Rose linked to the square by traceried spandrels Spandrels two-light windows as petals of rose designed in 1258-60 by Jean de Chelles

  41. Nôtre-Dame – north transept rose window

  42. Strasbourg Cathedral, nave 1240-45 west façade b. 1277

  43. Strasbourg Cathedral, nave 1240-45 west façade b. 1277 Late Romanesque choir and transept, 1220s

  44. Strasbourg’s width is 36 m (118’), while Reims’ is 30 m (98’) Strasbourg’s height is 38 m. (125’), whereas Reims’ is 32 m. (105’). Reims Cathedral, France Strasbourg Cathedral

  45. Strasbourg Cathedral, west façade b. 1277

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