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Tanzania: The Basics. By Mackenzie Broderick Acacia Steinberg Grace Carroll Elizabeth Fields Emily Moore Sydney McIntosh. Background. Julius K. Nyerere was born in Butiama , Tanzania, in 1922 He was called Mwalimu , meaning teacher in Swahili, by his people
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Tanzania: The Basics By Mackenzie Broderick Acacia Steinberg Grace Carroll Elizabeth Fields Emily Moore Sydney McIntosh
Background • Julius K. Nyerere was born in Butiama, Tanzania, in 1922 • He was called Mwalimu, meaning teacher in Swahili, by his people • Led Tanzania, as the Chairman, to become an independent state during the first fourth of the century. • He eventually stepped down in the 60s
The Independent State of Tanzania • Established after the elimination of colonial rule in Africa in 1961. Julius Nyerere elected Prime Minister. • Under the rule of Julius Nyerere from April, 1953- mid 1960’s. • Introduced to a form of socialism called Ujamma (based on cooperative agriculture) in 1962. • Source: http://www.nytimes.com/1999/10/15/world/julius-nyerere-of-tanzania-dies-preached-african-socialism-to-the-world.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm
Cold War Positioning • Traditionally not aligned with any nation or ideology (Pearson, 198). • In 1963, after the independence of Zanzibar and subsequent foreign interest, Nyerere began to seek aid from socialist countries—but only China responded (Pearson, 198). • Gradually, China’s funds replaced those from West Germany and Britain, helping to build the Tanzanian railroad (Pearson, 198). • Though Tanzania managed to remain non-aligned with Western ideologies, it came into conflict with the neighboring nation of Uganda (Pearson, 199). • War broke out between the two nations in 1978, and in April of 1979, Nyerere declared himself the leader of Uganda (Pearson, 199). • This war, though brief, racked up $500 million in foreign debts (Pearson, 199).
Single-Party State • He believed the single-party state would allow for open debate and proper democratic system • TANU (Tanganyika African National Union) was the only political party in Tanzania at that time • The candidates had to be a member of TANU and have the support of 25 people. • Two of these candidates would be chosen who had to then compete for a seat • People were indirectly forced to vote by being asked for their registration card before they could buy anything • Because of these elections, voters were able to remove politicians they were unhappy with • There could be only one candidate for presidency which was Nyerere. Voters could then vote ‘yes’ or ‘no’ on having him in office. The yes vote won • Campaign meetings were muted so that no one could show signs of favoring one side or the other
POLITICAL STRUCTURE • Nyererethought that true democracy would be obtained through a single party system because it would prevent fractional grouping (p. 193) • African socialism is based of the idea of the “extended family”, meaning that is creates a community for the benefit of all and doesn’t exploit any man (p. 193 Source A) • In 1962 a new constitution was created making Tanzania a Republic led by a president (p. 193) • Julius Nyererewon the election in 1962 with 97% of the votes and the intent to establish the country as a single party state (p. 193) • In 1965, Nyerereannounced the establishment of a single party state which would ensure a proper democratic system and allow open debate (p. 196) • Anyone who ran for election was required to be part of TANU (Tanganyika African National Union) (p. 196) which was established the prepare the country for independence (p. 190) • The Nation Executive Committee would select two candidates from each faction and let voters elect one of them. This prevented voters from electing their leaders from a full pool of candidates, as they were weeded down during district party conferences. (p. 196) • The single party system was further consolidated when TANU and the ASP (Afro-Shirazi Party) (p. 194) merged to form the CCM, the party of the revolution, which is still in power today (p. 196) • Nyerereallowed no opposition to his policies (p. 197)
Foreign Policy • Nyerere formalized the old East African High Commission to put in a more effective Eastern Federation of States. • This led to closer economic trade agreements between Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania and the establishment of the East African Community (EAC). • Key Objective 1: Strengthen National Security • Key Objective 2: Supporting Liberation Struggles Nyerere allowed liberation groups to be established, such as; Pan-African Congress (PAC), the South West African People’s Organization (SWAPO), and the front for the Liberation of Mozambique (FRELIMO). Nyerere was adamant in supporting these groups.
