Job Creation Potential in Indian Agriculture & Healthcare Sector through Adoption of IoT/AI

1. Key Findings • June 2019 • A M Devendranth I Rudranil Royshrama • A Study on Job Creation Potential in Indian Agriculture & Healthcare Sector Through Adoption of IOT/AI • Feedback Business Consulting Services Pvt. Ltd.

2. Projected Employment in Agriculture & Healthcare Sector • The landholding in the agriculture sector is getting smaller with growth in family members and poor availability of labor. The yield is heavily dependent on the monsoon • Percentage of employment in the Indian Agriculture sector has consistently reduced from 52% in 2010 to 42% in 2018. • The total requirement of manpower for the Agriculture sector in 2022 is estimated to be 215.6 Mn. Of this, 173.3 Mn. are expected to be skilled. The skilled employment is expected to move from the current 65 : 35 to a 80 : 20 mix by 2022. • The Indian healthcare sector has a immense potential to grow, 60% of the healthcare professionals are concentrated in the urban region, while the only 30% is focused on rural region. • Workforce requirements for the Healthcare sector is expected to grow from 3.6 Mn. in 2013 to 7.4 Mn. in 2022 which is more than double its existing workforce to meet the market demand • The greatest challenge currently is not the numbers available but also the quality and employability of the workforce All values are in Million Source: NSDC India

3. Methodology for employment estimation through implementation of IoT / AI for Agriculture and Healthcare sector in India • 1. From a long list of applications, IOT/AI applications which will create long term sustainable jobs were shortlisted • 6. Annual salary for each type of job has been estimated based on published data on jobs and from technology companies • 7. Maximum and realistic job value (Rs. Cr.) has been estimated using the inputs from point 5 and point 6 • 2. Activities involved in implementing each application were identified • 5. Maximum and realistic employment potential have been estimated using the inputs from point 3 and point 4 • 8. Employment potential has further been split into nature of job, types of job etc. • 3. Relevant employment estimation norms were derived based on inputs obtained through primary research with the IoT implementing & technology companies • 4. Relevant universe and realistic achievements have been estimated based on published data and inputs from the stakeholders

4. Identified IOT/AI based Application for Indian Agriculture Sector – These applications will pave the way for Smart Farming in future • CLIMATE SENSING STATIONS • ELECTRONIC MARKET PLACE • SMART • FARMS • SATELLITE • MAPPING • LIVESTOCK TRACEABILITY • PRODUCT TRACEABILITY • AGRICULTURE DRONES Satellite mapping monitoring uses aerial images for tracking the growth of the crops, this is done through geo-tagging of the farming plots. It is a process of adding geographical identification marks such as latitude and longitude on the farmer's plot, this can help the user to keep track of the growth of the crop in that specific plot. E-markets are virtual markets with physical market at the back end. The electronic market is a system of buyers and sellers and their exchanges in which the two parties use data and technology to establish and keep up trade and where supply, demand, price and income continue to be the most significant variables Livestock Traceability basically have RFID’s tagged to the livestock like cattle, bulls, sheep etc. These RFID’s can track the movement of the livestock and monitor the health of the cattle. It also helps in easier trading of livestock through online platforms where buyers and sellers can interact. Climate Sensing Stations provide protection of soil moisture content and maintaining it at adequate levels, better preparation for adverse weather conditions by getting information about harsh weathers priory and transmitting it to the farmers and also guiding them to take pre-emptive measures Product Traceability is an important factor when it comes to maintaining quality of produce and exporting agriculture products. It helps to identify which farmer has produced such under-quality crops so that we can reject only his produce and protect the entire lot. Agriculture Drones are equipped with sensors and cameras are used for imaging, mapping and surveying the farms. Drones can be remotely controlled or they can fly automatically through software-controlled flight plans. Smart farming uses agriculture IoT to ensures high accuracy by delivering real time data related to weather forecast, quality of soil, cost of labour etc. These can be used to do accurate farming

5. These IOT/AI based applications can generate approx. 2.1 Mn additional jobs in the Agriculture sector over the next 8-10 year horizon • The above table shows that by adopting various IoT based applications, on a realistic basis, approx. 2.1 million additional jobs (annual job value of approx. INR 34,000 Cr.) can be created for Agriculture sector at PAN India level. • These 2.1 million jobs are likely to be created over next 8 – 10 years horizon (2028 – 2030) • Pace of job creation likely to increase post 2021 – 22 once 5G has been implemented • These applications will bring lot more predictability in farmingpractices and will help in improving income and life of the farmers. This will repose the faith of the current generation on farming activities • This will not only arrest the decline in the Agriculture jobs but will pave the way for creation of many IoT based jobs for the Agriculture sector

6. Identified IOT/AI based Application for Indian Healthcare Sector – Road towards Smart Healthcare • PRE-EMPTIVE ONCOLOGY DIAGNOSIS • SMART DIAGNOSIS • REMOTE MEDICAL ASSISTANCE • SMART AMBULANCE &EMERGENCY CARE • MEDICAL RECORD DIGITIZATION • SMART CONSULTING • CLOUD BASED • EYE SCREENING Remote medical assistance: It will help connect the urban specialty hospitals to the rural primary healthcare. This technology doesn’t require any doctors to be present in the rural areas. All it needs is a trained paramedical staff or a nurse to diagnose and monitor the patient’s vitals, and give them appropriate medications. Smart diagnostics: Some of the major developments here is tele pathology, a technology which helps in diagnosing blood, semen and urine. This device takes the images of the sample in high resolution microscopes and then use AI and machine learning algorithms to count and identify the various medical parameters. Cloud based eye screening: This application used a Digital Healthcare Platforms where all the essential healthcare ecosystem can engage with each other to deliver the precis output. Having clinical data available in one platform will allow healthcare providers to increase access to care and improve patient outcomes, while reducing the operational cost Pre-emptive diagnosis: This uses artificial intelligence which can detect early symptoms using deep learning algorithms. They are more effective than traditional methods of cancer screening. Smart Ambulance: This is this the application in which the doctors in the hospital can monitor the patient’s vital health signs while the patient is being transferred in the ambulance. Medical record digitalization: This is an online platform where systematized collection of patient data is stored. These data can be accessed across different healthcare sectors and patient history can be tracked. Smart consulting: This is an AI Based online consulting software wherein a patient is connected to a doctor in any speciality hospital for consultation through a smartphone. The doctors can diagnose the patient effectively using the AI technology in the software wherein the patient's information and medical history is analyzed and reported to doctor

7. Implementation of IoT/AI based applications will create approx. 0.7 Mn new jobs and will require upskilling on IoT technology for Ayush Doctors and Nurses (0.4 Mn Professionals) over next 6 to 8 years • The above table shows that by adopting various IoT based applications, on a realistic basis, approx. 0.7 million additional jobs (annual job value of approx. INR 11,500 Cr.) can be created for Healthcare sector at PAN India level. • These 0.7 million jobs are likely to be created over next 6 - 8 years horizon (2026 – 2028) • Pace of job creation likely to increase post 2021 – 22 once 5G has been implemented; 5G will be a game changer for the Healthcare sector • Indian Govt.’s ‘Ayushman Bharat’ programme will create the necessary base for implementation of most of the IoT based applications in the Healthcare sector in Rural India. • Successful implementation of these applications will help the healthcare services to reach to the remotest part of the country and will bridge the gap between urban and rural healthcare * * * * * * New Job * Upskilling *

8. To conclude, IoT / AI will have positive impact towards employment creation for both the sectors in the near to medium term Healthcare Agriculture Potential to create 2.1 Mn additional IOT/AI jobs for Agriculture sector over next 8 – 10 years Potential to create 0.7 Mn additional IOT/AI jobs and upskilling of 0.4 Mn Professionals for Healthcare sector over next 6 – 8 years • In Agriculture, IoT/AI based applications will bring lot more predictability in farmingpractices and will help in improving income and life of the farmers. This will not only arrest the decline, but will create many new jobs for the Indian Agriculture sector • In Healthcare, successful implementation of IOT/AI based applications will help the healthcare services to reach to the remotest parts of the country. This will create new jobs for the sector and upskill the existing professionals on IoT based technologies • The upcoming white paper is being prepared through extensive consultation with the relevant stakeholders. The white paper will contain the following: • Introduction to IoT/AI and overview of Indian Agriculture and Healthcare sector • Global perspective for IoT/AI for Agriculture and Healthcare sector • Special attention to Indian Agriculture and Healthcare sector use cases • Estimation for employment creation in both the sectors through robust methodology and bottoms-up exercise • Recommendations for measures than can be taken for IoT upskilling and way forward for the near to medium term