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The Effect of Micro Bubbles and Bulbous Bow on the Aerodynamic Efficiency of a Boat

The Effect of Micro Bubbles and Bulbous Bow on the Aerodynamic Efficiency of a Boat. Harry Kucharczyk. Need. $438 Million spent on annual boating fuel (Lipton 95) 99.8% of goods are transported by ships Carbon Dioxide emissions continue to rise. www.unido-ichet.org. Knowledge Base.

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The Effect of Micro Bubbles and Bulbous Bow on the Aerodynamic Efficiency of a Boat

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  1. The Effect of Micro Bubbles and Bulbous Bow on the Aerodynamic Efficiency of a Boat Harry Kucharczyk

  2. Need • $438 Million spent on annual boating fuel (Lipton 95) • 99.8% of goods are transported by ships • Carbon Dioxide emissions continue to rise www.unido-ichet.org

  3. Knowledge Base Bulbous Bow • Reduces shock wave • Decrease in friction drag http://www.globalsecurity.org www.marinefirefighting.com

  4. Knowledge Base Micro Bubbles • Inserted in the boundary layer • Decreased viscosity and density of the fluid www.impactlab.com

  5. Literature Review • McCormick and Bhattchara (73)- injected hydrogen micro bubbles into the turbulent boundary layer • Madavan (84)- location and distribution of bubbles are essential • Kato (94)- determined reduced skin friction drag by 80% through the use of micro bubbles • Kodama (00)- performed experiments in a water tunnel with microbubbles generated in an air injection chamber by injecting air through a porous plate

  6. Engineering Goals • Examine the effects of passive and active flow in boat drag reduction Purpose • Reduce skin friction drag by using methods of passive and active flow control

  7. Normal Boat n=2 Boat with Bulbous Bow n=2 Insert Microbubbles in the Boundary Layer using a porous plate (200-400 micrometers) Measure mass and acceleration to calculate the force Analyze data using SPSS One Way ANOVA and a Scheffe post Hoc test.

  8. Experimental Setup Bulbous Bow Porous Plate

  9. Newton’s Second Law Force = Mass X (Velocity1 – Velocity2) (Time1 – Time2) Force = Acceleration X Mass

  10. Do Ability • Water Tunnel is accessible in the lab • Boat has already been constructed • Bulbous bow can easily be inserted into the boat • Microbubbles can be made through simple appliances

  11. Budget

  12. Bibliography • Culley, Dennis. "Active Flow Control Laboratory." NASA - Active Flow Control. NASA. 29 Feb. 2008 <http://www.grc.nasa.gov/cdtb/facilities/flowcontrollab.html>. • Donovan, John, and Linda Kral. "Active Flow Control Applied to an Airfoil." American Institute of Aeronautics (1998). • Kato, H., Miyanaga, M., Haramoto, Y. & Guin, M. M. 1994 Frictional drag reduction by injecting bubbly water into turbulent boundary layer. Proc. 1994 Cavitation and Gas-Liquid Flow in Fluid Machinery and Devices ASME 190, 185-194. • Kodama, Y., Kakugawa, A., Takahashi, T., and Kawashina, H., 1999, “Experimental Study on Microbubbles and Their Applicability to Ships for Skin Friction Reduction”, 1st Int. Symp. on Turbulent Shear Flow Phenomena, Santa Barbara, U.S.A., pp.1-6. • Liou, William W. Microfluid mechanics. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2005. • Lipton, Douglas W., and Scott Miller. "Recreational Boating in Maryland: An Economic Impact Study, 1993-1994." 6 Mar. 1995. Maryland Marine Trades Conference. • Madavan, N.K., Deutsch, S., Merkle C.L., 1984, “Reduction of Turbulent Skin Friction in Microbuubbles”, Phys. Fluids, Vol. 27, pp.356-363. • McCormick, M.E., Bhattacharyya, R., 1973, “Drag Reduction of a Submersible Hull by Electrolysis”, Naval Engineers Journal, Vol.85, No.2, pp. 11-16. • Pike, John. "Bulbous Bow." Global Security. 7 Oct. 2006. <http://www.globalsecurity.org>. • Scott, Jeff. "Vortex Generators." Aerospaceweb.org | Reference for Aviation, Space, Design, and Engineering. 14 Jan. 2001. <http://www.aerospaceweb.org/question/aerodynamics/q0009.shtml>. • Washington University in St. Louis (2009, March 18). Engineer Devises Ways To Improve Gas Mileage. ScienceDaily • Yoshida, Y., Takahashi, Y., Kato, H., et al. 1998A, “Study on the Mechanism of Resistance Reduction by Means of Micro-Bubble Sheet and on Applicability of the Method to Full-Scale Ship“, 22nd ONR Symp. on Ship Hydrodynamics, pp.1-16.

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