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S olutions Solubility, and concentration

S olutions Solubility, and concentration. Solution. A solution is a homogeneous mixture t hat has the same composition, color, density and taste throughout. ie . they appear as ONE substance Examples: tap water Vinegar. Solution Cont….

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S olutions Solubility, and concentration

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  1. Solutions Solubility, and concentration

  2. Solution • A solution is a homogeneous mixture • that has the same composition, color, density and taste throughout. • ie. they appear as ONE substance Examples: • tap water • Vinegar

  3. Solution Cont… • Solutions can also be gaseous, like the air you breathe, or even solid, like brass and sterling silver.

  4. Making solutions: solutes and solvents • When you mix two substances and they form a solution, you say that one substance dissolves in the other substance.

  5. Solutions have 2 parts: Solute • The substance that dissolves (found in less amounts) Solvent • The substance in which the solute dissolves (found in the greatest amounts)

  6. Dissolving... • To mix completely: • the solute dissolves into the solvent.

  7. There are three ways to speed up the dissolving process • 1. Stirring • 2. Increase surface area • 3. Increase temperature

  8. There are three ways to speed up the dissolving process • Stirring –brings more solvent in contact with solute. • Example: fruit drink with drink crystals. • Stir the mixture to increase the rate of dissolving.

  9. Demo • Lets see if stirring will increase the dissolving rate of the solute.

  10. There are three ways to speed up the dissolving process • Increase surface area –breaking up a solid making it into a powder, provides more surface area.

  11. Demo • Lets see if increasing the surface area will increase the dissolving rate of the solute.

  12. There are three ways to speed up the dissolving process • Increase temperature- Increasing temperature speeds up particles causing them to bump each other and come in contact with the solvent.

  13. Different states of solutes and solvents • Solvents can be either: • Solid, Liquid, Gas • Solutes can be either: • Solid, Liquid, Gas

  14. Soluble and insoluble

  15. Soluble https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=khgOTDvG-4A • If the particles of the solute are more attracted to the particles of the solvent. • Dissolving occurs. • The solute is said to be soluble in that solvent. (ie. Solution)

  16. Insoluble • If the particles of the solute are more attracted to their own particles than the solvent particles. • Dissolving does NOT occur. • The solute is said to be insoluble in that solvent. (ie. Mechanical)

  17. Soluble or Insoluble? soluble insoluble

  18. Soluble or Insoluble?

  19. Soluble or Insoluble?

  20. Concentration and solubility

  21. Concentration and solubility • Compare the two cups of tea… • Concentrated solution • Darker tea • Large mass of dissolved solute for a certain quantity of solvent. • Dilute solution • Lighter tea • Small mass of dissolved solute for a certain quantity of solvent

  22. Concentration is… • The percentage by volume of solute in solvent. • Concentrated- large amount of solute in solvent. • Dilute- small amount of solute in solvent.

  23. A limit to concentration Notice the lump of undissolved solid that is left on the spoon • Make a salt solution: • Add a spoonful… dissolved! • Add a second spoonful… dissolved! • Add a third, fourth and more… It becomes more concentrated! • Eventually you reach a point where salt will NOT dissolve any more.

  24. Saturated vs. Unsaturated Saturated • Will form when no more solute will dissolve at a certain temperature Unsaturated • More solute is able to dissolve at a certain temperature

  25. Which is dilute and which is more concentrated for each example? • Example 1: • Orange juice from concentrate: ___________ • Weak Kool-Aid: ____________________ • Example 2: • A solution with a concentration: 20g/100mL _______ • A solution with a concentration: 25g/25mL_________ • Example 3: • A solution with a concentration: 20/80mL__________ • A solution with a concentration: 20/100mL ________

  26. Time to think… • Concentrated solutions can be: • Adding more solute and keeping the amount of solvent the same. • Keeping the amount of solute the same and reducing the amount of solvent. • Example • boiling off the water while making jam • a solution could be considered “concentrated” and still be unsaturated.

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