Conception to Birth

1. Conception to Birth

2. Conception • In order to become pregnant an egg must be fertilised by sperm. • When sperm is ejaculated from the penis it swims towards the cervix, through the fallopian tube until they meet an egg. • The sperm then fertilises the egg (CONCEPTION) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jvanNDQhlYI • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6kGN2dcjNUY&feature=fvwrel

3. Ovulation and Fertilization • In the female, one of the ovaries produces an egg every 28 days. This is called ovulation. • During sexual intercourse millions of sperm are ejaculated into the vagina. • If a sperm meets the egg, the sperm’s nucleus can join with the egg’s nucleus. • This fusing of the nuclei is called fertilization.

4. Conception

5. Length of Pregnancy Pregnancy is divided in to three trimesters 1-3 months 4-6 months 7-9 months

6. Signs and SymptomsPregnancy – 40 weeks • A missing menstrual period • Morning sickness and nausea • Frequent urination • Cravings • Breasts enlarge • Fatigue and dizziness A simple urine test from the doctor will show whether or not a woman is pregnant.

8. Call the doctor if any of the following occur: • Vaginal bleeding • Sharp abdominal pain or cramping • Loss of fluid from the vagina • Severe or prolonged nausea or vomiting • Frequent dizzy spells • Painful urination • High fever over 100 degrees F. • Vaginal discharge that is irritating

9. Other considerations: • No medications, including over-the counter drugs, unless approved by your doctor. • No drugs or alcohol. • No x-rays. • No saunas and hot tubs. • No vaccinations during pregnancy. • Avoid cats, cattle, sheep and pigs. They have a parasite that causes toxoplasmosis.

10. ZYGOTE A single sperm penetrates the mother's egg cell, and the resulting cell is called a zygote. • Begins when egg is fertilized in the fallopian tube. • Ends 2 weeks later when the zygote is implanted in the wall of the uterus. • The zygote contains all of the genetic information (DNA) necessary to become a child. Half of the genetic information comes from the mother’s egg and half from the father’s sperm

12. The embryo may float freely in the uterus for about 48 hours before implanting. Upon implantation, complex connections between the mother and embryo develop to form the placenta.

14. EMBRYO The cells of the embryo now multiply and begin to take on specific functions. This process is called differentiation. It leads to the various cell types that make up a human being (such as blood cells, kidney cells, and nerve cells). There is rapid growth, and the baby's main external features begin to take form. It is during this critical period (most of the first trimester) that the growing baby is most susceptible to damage. • From 3 to 8 weeks after conception. • Body parts are formed during this period.

15. 1 Month • By the end of the first month, the embryo is about 1/4 of an inch long. • The heart, no larger than a poppy seed, has begun beating • Head, mouth, liver, and intestines begin to take shape.

16. 2 Months • The embryo grows to about 1-1.5 inches long • Veins are clearly visible. • The placenta is already nourishing the baby through the umbilical cord. • The heart has divided into right and left chambers. • Most vital organs are developed. • Muscles and bones begin to form

17. 3 Months • Starting at eight weeks, your baby is called a fetus. • By the end of the first trimester, the fetus is 2 1/2 to 3 inches long and is fully formed. • He has begun swallowing and kicking. • All organs and muscles have formed and are • beginning to function. The arms, legs, hand, and fingers are fully developed. • The nails on his fingers and toes are starting to develop.

18. Your first photo? Your first photograph was probably taken when you were10-12 weeks old. You already looked human and you were about to start gaining mass faster than you ever will again. Your head diameter was measured to check your age and make sure you were growing properly.

20. Skin – Every woman’s body reacts differently to pregnancy. • Oily, dry or scaly • Stretch marks • Facial skin may darken • Emotions • Need a few extra breaks or time to relax. • May experience mood swings, depression and bad dreams. • Feel baby’s movements

21. 4 Months • Your baby is about 5 inches long (4 ounces) • The first outlines of the face are showing. • Hands and feet become well formed • This is when many mothers feel their baby's first thrilling kick.

23. The eyelids are closed this month and stay closed until the end of the trimester. As the fetus grows, the body has proportions more like a baby’s, especially near the end of the fourth month.

24. 5 Months • By the end of this month, your baby will be nearly 6-8 inches long and weigh almost 12-16 ounces. • covered with a layer of thick, downy hair called lanugo. • heartbeat can be heard clearly. • Baby will wake and sleep regularly • Turns,stretches,kicks • The skull bones are the most important bones being developed at this time.

26. 6 Months • 1.5-2 lbs – 9 inches • Tiny eyebrows and eyelids are visible. • There is a lot of evidence to show that the baby can hear the outside world. • Your baby's lungs are filled with amniotic fluid, and he has started to practice breathing movements. • If you talk or sing, he can hear you. • Fingerprints are formed.

27. Abdomen enlarges • Fatigue is common • Expectant fathers take more interest because they can feel the baby move. • Baby moves a lot • A mother should feel the baby move every couple of hours. If not, she should call her doctor.

28. Discomforts that might be experienced • Heartburn • Shortness of breath • Heart palpitations • Leg cramps • Round ligament pains

29. 7 Months • baby weighs about 2.5-3 pounds and is about 10-12 inches long. • Can suck its thumb • His body is well formed. • Fingernails cover his fingertips.

30. 8 Months • Will gain 2-3 lbs this month or about half a pound per week, and layers of fat are piling on under his skin. • baby has probably turned head-down in preparation for his coming birth. • The baby weighs between 4 and 6 pounds.

31. Your baby is 6 to 9 pounds and measures somewhere between 19 and 22 inches. • The lungs develop in preparation for breathing and the head is now head-down. As he becomes more crowded, you may feel him move around less. • The last few weeks, the baby “drops” in preparation for delivery – giving the mother a little breathing space. 9 Months

32. Ready to be born 38-40 weeks

33. Baby’s Arrival

34. Vaginal bleeding Sharp abdominal pain/cramping Loss of fluid Frequent dizzy spells Visual disturbances Nausea or vomiting Sudden and excessive swelling of face, hands, and feet Headache Burning, painful urination Fever Vaginal discharge Danger Signals Call the doctor if any of these problems occur.

35. Weight gain during pregnancy25-30 pounds • Baby – 7 ½ to 10 pounds • Placenta – 1 ½ pounds • Uterus – 2 to 2.5 pounds • Amniotic fluid – 1 ½ to 2 pounds • Extra blood and other fluid – 4 -8 pounds • Breast tissue – 3 pounds • Maternal stores of protein/ fat – 4-8 pounds

36. The babies support system Find out what each of the following are and do for the baby, use the next slide to help you draw out the diagram

37. Draw out the diagram and explain what each one is/for

38. Pregnancy Issues • Toxemia • Ectopic Pregnancy • Stillborn • Spontaneous Abortion

39. Home work Design a fact sheet that instructs a year 7 child about puberty. Give advice on periods, what to expect, what can be used, activities that you may still do. Etc Include a problem page.