Phonetics… Sound Principles

1. Phonetics… Sound Principles Chapter 3

2. By the End of this Unit… • You will be able to transcribe this: (Jeff Foxworthy’s “Words in the South” You won’t not be able to hear it at home)

3. If You Were in Charge… …would you implement a spelling system with a “one for one” correspondence between spoken & written words? Why or Why Not?

4. Audio Ambiguity • I scream ~ Ice Cream • Grade A • The sun’s rays meet • It’s hard to recognize speech

5. Sound Safari – I • Find ‘audio-ambiguity’ in the lyrics of a song. • Email me with: • the title • the lyrics with the ambiguity highlighted • what the words sound like to you • what the words really are • a sound file (if possible) • Choose I or II, or both for 1.5 total points…

6. Identical, but distinct • Write • ‘rite’ • ‘rait’ • Boiling Springs • Bowlin’ Spraings • Others?

7. Speech vs. Orthography • Did he believe Caesar could see the people seize the seas? • Red • Green • Blue • You Tell Me: • The silly amoeba stole the key to the machine (identify the [i]’s)

8. Why so Many Discrepancies? • Developmental influences • Old system • Global language • Phonological changes (next chapter) • Variation in speech & writing

9. Phonetics Defined • The branch of linguistics that studies the inventory and structure of the sounds of speech

10. Phonetic Disciplines • Acoustic Phonetics • Articulatory Phonetics

11. Name One (at least) of… • The 4 ways [f] is spelled… • The 6 ways “a” is pronounced • Multiple letters making only one sound • <gh> in “enough” • Find another…

12. IPA • Familiarize yourself • Charts inside the covers of the textbook front (vowels) & back (consonants) • Focus on American English sounds… • Be able to: • Produce each sound • Identify sounds from description • Provide description of sounds • Transcribe words

13. For your Transcription • Use the Charts • See also: • http://www.paulmeier.com/ipa/charts.html • http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/%7Edanhall/phonetics/sammy.html(this one helps you visualize how sounds are made… But beware, Sammy offers lots of symbols we don’t need…)

14. Vocal Tract (for SAE sounds): • Nasal Cavity (nasal) • Soft Palate(Velum) (velar) • Epiglottis (glottal) • Vocal cords (voicing) • Tongue – Back • Tongue – Front • Tongue – Tip • Teeth (dental) • Lips (labio) • Alveolar Ridge (alveolar) • Hard Palate (palatal) A B K J I G F E H C D Be ready to identify these areas and talk about what sounds they produce.

15. Voiced or Voiceless? • Put your hands over your earsOR on your larynx: • [s] bussip • [z] buzzzip • thin tooth • these bathe • Except for ‘Approximates’, on the chartthe 1st line = voiceless, 2nd line = voiced

16. Consonants (inside the back cover) • Manners of Articulation • Places of Articulation • Chart follows the mouth – front to back… • Approximates

17. What’s the difference? • Pronounce each of the following • [p] & [t] • [t] & [k] • [k] & [g] • [ f ] & [ h ] • [ r ] & [ l ]

18. Find words for each… Manner of Articulation? • Stop (stops air flow) • Nasal (air  into nasal cavity) • Fricative (air barely escapes) • Affricate (stop + fricative) • Approximate (almost a vowel…) What are these?(try it without the chart first…)

19. Place of Articulation? • Bilabial (two lips together) • Labiodental (teeth meet lips) • Interdental (tongue between teeth) • Alveolar (tongue on Alv. Ridge) • Alveolarpalatal (tongue btn A.R. & palate) • Velar (back of tongue on velum) • Glotttal (epiglottis stops air flow) What are these?(try it without the chart first…)

20. Get Some Exercise • Find Place & Manner for • What’re the IPA symbols for these sounds: • Voiced interdental fricative • Glottal fricative • Voiceless alveopalatal affricate • High front tense vowel • How can the following sounds be categorized?

21. Any Questions… …before we move on?

22. Position Matters • Try it yourself: • Say “key” then “caw” • Try not to move your tongue… • Does it sound normal?

23. Vowels • Tongue • Lips • Nasalization • Diphthongs

24. Get Some Exercise • Transcribe the vowels in the following words. Which have the same vowel? back sat [ ] cot caught [ ] ooze deuce [ ] mouse cow [ ] hide height [ ]

25. Suprasegmentals (prosodic features) • Length Ooooouuuuch! • Pitch “e” … vs. Eeeek! • Loudness ‘Hi’ vs. HI! • Stress She said what? • Tone Mom vs. (aww)Môm

26. Representing Sounds • Transcription • Syllables • Segments • Features

27. Get Some Exercise • Transcription: • “I scream for ice cream” • Segments • How many in “I scream for ice cream”? • Syllables • How many in “I scream for ice cream”? • Features • What are the features of [s], [m], and [i]?

28. Kinds of Sound Change • Assimilation (become more alike) • Nasalization • Voicing • Flapping • Dissimilation (become less alike) • Elision // Deletion (take a sound away) • Epenthesis // Intrusion (add a sound) • Metathesis (shift sounds around) • Vowel Reduction (shorten or ‘schwa’ a sound)

29. Kinds of Sound Change

30. Sound Safari – II • Find example words for one subcategory of each sound change in the previous slide • Email me the examples highlighting where/how each takes place • Choose I or II, or both for 1.5 total points…

31. If You Were in Charge… Revisited …would you implement a spelling system with a “one for one” correspondence between spoken & written words? Why or Why Not?

32. For “Tomorrow” • Exercises • Be aware of these: • 3-1,2,3,4,5,7,10 • Spend time on these • 3-11,12,13 • BTW, nothing in this chapter was ‘skippable’ • Read Chapter 4 • Start your transcription