Biology Chapter 4 Cells and Energy

1. Biology Chapter 4 Cells and Energy Zebra book Chapter 8

2. KEY CONCEPT All cells need chemical energy. Photosynthetic diatoms provide oxygen and food to others

3. Objectives for Section 4-1 • Explain the importance of ATP • Elaborate how organisms break down food to produce ATP • Describe how organisms who do not need sunlight survive.

4. The chemical energy used for most cell processes is carried by ATP. • Portable form of energy “currency” • Powers chemical rxns for cell’s activities • Adenosine triphosphate “tri” = 3

5. Releases energy when bond between second and third phosphate groups is broken • Forms molecule called adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and a free phosphate group

6. Phosphate stores energy like compressed spring • Energy released when bonds are broken H2O + ATP  ADP + P + energy

7. phosphate removed • ATP transfers energy from the breakdown of food molecules to cell functions. • ADP is changed back into ATP when a phosphate group is added. (reversible reaction)

8. Starch molecule Glucose molecule The chemical energy used for most cell processes is carried by ATP. • Molecules in food store chemical energy in their bonds.

9. adenosine triphosphate tri=3 adenosine diphosphate di=2 Organisms break down carbon-based molecules to produce ATP. • Carbohydrates are the molecules most commonly broken down to make ATP. • not stored in large amounts • up to 36 ATP from one glucose molecule

10. (lipids) • 80 percent of the energy in your body • about 146 ATP from a triglyceride • Fats store the most energy.

11. Proteins are least likely to be broken down to make ATP. • amino acids not usually needed for energy • about the same amount of energy as a carbohydrate

12. A few types of organisms do not need sunlight and photosynthesis as a source of energy. • Some organisms live in places that never get sunlight (deep sea vents). • In chemosynthesis, chemical energy is used to build carbon-based molecules. • similar to photosynthesis • uses chemical energy instead of light energy

13. Energy Consumption: An OverviewPublished on Jun 24, 2015 NDSU VCell Production's animation "Energy Consumption: An Overview".

14. Quick Quiz Time • Each question will be worth 2 points • You may NOT talk and/or communicate with a classmate • Scores will be collected and recorded at the end of the chapter

15. 1. Which phrase best describes the function of the ATP molecule? • Stores energy • Carries energy • Absorbs energy • Converts energy

16. 2. Where does the chemical energy to produce ATP come from? • The conversion of ATP to ADP • The use of chemicals from the environment to build sugars • The addition of a phosphate group to ATP • The breakdown of carbon-based molecules into smaller molecules

17. 3. Which of the following is the source of energy used in chemosynthesis? • Sunlight • Heat from hydrothermal vents • Chemical compounds • Amino acids

18. Trade your paper with a non-lab partner

19. 1. Which phrase best describes the function of the ATP molecule? • Stores energy • Carries energy • Absorbs energy • Converts energy

20. 2. Where does the chemical energy to produce ATP come from? • The conversion of ATP to ADP • The use of chemicals from the environment to build sugars • The addition of a phosphate group to ATP • The breakdown of carbon-based molecules into smaller molecules

21. 3. Which of the following is the source of energy used in chemosynthesis? • Sunlight • Heat from hydrothermal vents • Chemical compounds • Amino acids

22. End of Show

23. ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate- Bozeman Science