Effect of Agriculture in Nitrogen Budget of Turkey

1. Effect of Agriculture in Nitrogen Budget of Turkey Aysun VATANSEVER BOŞÇA Ministry of Environment and Urbanization Assoc.Prof.Dr. Selim L. SANİN Hacettepe Universıty

2. The impact of anthropogenic activities on nitrogen cycle has become significantly important. Today the nitrogen fixation has doubled compared to times before the industrial revolution. This will affect the ecology of agriculturally leading countries, like Turkey. Recent increases in anthropogenic N fixation in relation to “natural” N fixation. Modified from Vitousek, P. M. and P. A. Matson (1993).

4. Anthropogenic reactive nitrogen in the environment is difficult to control, because it is associated with two of the most important need of human needs: Food & Energy

5. Turkey: • total area 779 450 km² • divided into 7 geographical regions, • comprising 81 provinces. • major economic activities are; - industry (34% of GDP, labor force 15%), - services (48% of GDP, labor force 39%) and - agriculture (18% of GDP, labor force: 47% )

6. In terms of employment, agriculture is the most important sector in the Turkish economy. Agriculture is an important contributor to foreign trade as well and supplies 14% of total exports and accounts for 6% of total imports

7. Agricultural Activities FOR OUR MODEL: • N-budget elements of Agricultural crop production & Livestock production are defined and their contributions are calculated.

8. Agriculture • Application of inorganic (mineral) fertilizers • Nitrogen uptaken by crops from soil • N-fixation: Nitrogen input to soil by - nitrogen fixing plants - free living soil organisms

9. 1. Total chemical fertilizer-N consumption trend of Turkey

10. Distribution of Fertilizer-N consumption with respect to provinces(in2005 [1000 tones])

11. 2. N uptake by Plants • The plants produced in Turkey are divided into three groups by Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK) according to ISIC Rev.3 (International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities, Rev.3): - Fruits - Vegetables - Field crops (leguminous plants, industrial crops, cereals, oil seeds, fodder crops, tuberous crops) • Nitrogen uptake coefficients of different plants provided by OECD for each plant group are used.

12. Nitrogen uptake coefficients of different plants

19. 3. a) Nitrogen fixation through the action of bacteria which live symbiotically in root nodules of leguminous crops • The amount of N fixed in the soil by symbiotic bacteria is directly related to the area under crop and is calculated as: Quantity of N fixed in the soil [kg N] = Cultivated area of leguminous crop [hectare] X N fixation coefficient for the given crop [kg N/hectare]

20. Coefficients for nitrogen fixation by bacteria living in the roots of plants (OECD)

21. Amount of Nitrogen fixed by N-fixing leguminous plants (tones)

22. 3. b) Nitrogen fixation by Free living soil organisms: • The amount of N fixed by free living soil organisms is directly related to the land area data, i.e. arable, permanent crop and permanent pasture land, and is calculated as; Quantity of N fixed by free living soil organisms [kg N] = area of each type of land [hectare] X N fixation coefficient for the given type of land [kg N/hectare]

23. N coefficient = 4 kg/hectare

24. Livestock Production • 5 main categories of animals 1. Cattle Breeding (4 sub-categories) native, hybrid, culture, cow 2. Sheep and Goat Farming (4 sub-categories) nativesheep, merinos sheep, hair goat, angora goat 3. Poultry Raising (4 sub-categories) broiler, laying hen, goose, duck 4. Single Shank Raising (3 sub-categories) horse-donkey-hinny 5. Other (3 sub-categories) pig, camel

25. For each livestock category: Estimated quantity of N in livestock manure [kg N/year] = Number of animals [heads] X Manure coefficient [kg N/head/year]

28. Animal Manure-N production with respect to years (Tones)

29. Distribution of Animal manure-N with respect to provinces at 2005 (1000 tones)

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