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Pre-war 20 th century

Pre-war 20 th century - In the early 20 th century, education in primary level was egalitarian and virtually universal, but for higher level it was multitracked .

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Pre-war 20 th century

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  1. Pre-war 20th century - In the early 20th century, education in primary level was egalitarian and virtually universal, but for higher level it was multitracked. - After 1919 several of private universities received official status and were granted government recognition for programs they had conducted in many cases.

  2. Occupation period • By 1945 education system had been devastated, and with defeat came the discredit of much prewar thought. • Occupation policy makers and US Education Mission, set up in 1946 made a number of changes aimed at democratizing Japanese education (6-3-3) and compulsory education is 9 years.

  3. Post-occupation period • After restoration of full national sovereignty in 1952, Japan immediately began to modify some of the changes in education, to reflect Japanese ideas about education and educational administration • 1960s,recovery and accelerating economic growth brought new demands to expand education. • 1960 was a time of great turbulence. • 1969 and early 1970, government responded with thee University Control Law with futher education reforms.

  4. 1980s • Problems included rigidity, excessive uniformity, lack of choices, undesirable influences of the university examination, and overriding emphasis on formal education credentials. • Between 1985 and 1987, the National Council on Educational Reform was set up by Prime Minister Yauhiro Nakasone to response to the internationalization of education, new information technologies, and the media and emphases on individuality, lifelong learning, and adjustment to social change.

  5. There are 8 subjects to consider: • designing education for 21th century • Organizing a system of lifelong learning and reducing the emphasis on the educational background of individuals • Improving and diversifying higher education • Enriching and diversifying elementary and secondary education • Improving the quality of teachers • adapting to internationalization • Adapting to the information age • Conducting a review of administration and finance of education.

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