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Architecture of Ancient Greece: The Temples

Architecture of Ancient Greece: The Temples. Our word architecture comes from the Greek architecton This means “master carpenter” Early Greek architecture employed wood, not stone. These early structures have not survived.

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Architecture of Ancient Greece: The Temples

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  1. Architecture of Ancient Greece: The Temples

  2. Our word architecture comes from the Greek architecton • This means “master carpenter” • Early Greek architecture employed wood, not stone. • These early structures have not survived. • By the 6th Century BC, stone replaced wood in the construction of important temples. • In moving from wood to stone, builders had to adapt to the differing properties of their building materials. • Wood had run out and there was plenty of stone – particularly marble– available Origins of greek architecture

  3. Temple of Hera, Paestum Hephaistion, Athens Stone is not crushed as easily as wood but it does not bend or twist as easily as wood Early temples had massive pillars as architects worried about their ability to support the weight above. Later temples appear more elegant.

  4. The Acropolis of Athens is the best known in the world • Acropolis means high city, or “sacred rock” • The Acropolis is a flat-topped rock which rises 150 m above sea level in the city of Athens. • The most famous Greek buildings topped the Acropolis of Athens • The MOST famous of these is the PARTHENON Important Structures – The Acropolis

  5. Unlike modern churches or mosques, Greek temples were not meant to be meeting places for congregations. - They were homes for the community’s gods or goddesses and a place to keep offerings Temples - Purpose

  6. In the mild climate of Greece, ceremonies generally took place outdoors. Even the altars, upon which sacrifices were made, were outside the temple structure.

  7. There are four distinct parts to a Greek temple. • The bottom, horizontal part is the steps. • Most Greek temples had three of them. Parts of a Greek Temple

  8. The second section is vertical and is the column. • Most columns had a base(though not the Doric), at the bottom, a shaftin the middle, and a column at the top. • The shaft may be smooth or fluted.

  9. Above the column is the entablature. This is the grouping of horizontal bands that sit on the column.If the column is the leg, think of this as the tabletop. • It has 3 parts: the architrave, a kind of base. • The frieze, a decorated part • The cornice the top.

  10. The top section (the fourth part) is like a triangle and is called the pediment. Sits on top of the entablature

  11. The Classical Orders The three classical orders are: Doric Ionic Corinthian

  12. Doric columns are the heaviest in appearance • The capital (the top of the column) is plain • looks like the column is going up to a “pillow” • The shaft is thicker than other columns • There is no base The Doric order

  13. These have greater elegance. • The Ionic capital looks like a scroll. • The Ionic column is thinner than the Doric • The capital has distinctive flutes. • A base is apparent. The Ionic Order

  14. This is also a tall, elegant form. Skinniest of the columns Most elaborate capital The capital has distinctive leaf decoration. A base is also employed. The Corinthian Order

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