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Hong Kong

Hong Kong. One Country, Two Systems. Land & People. 422 square miles Hong Kong Island Kowloon Peninsular New Territories Outlying islands 7 million residents 95% Chinese. Brief History. HK Island was occupied by UK in 1841 New Territories on 99-year lease in 1898

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Hong Kong

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  1. Hong Kong One Country, Two Systems

  2. Land & People • 422 square miles • Hong Kong Island • Kowloon Peninsular • New Territories • Outlying islands • 7 million residents • 95% Chinese

  3. Brief History • HK Island was occupied by UK in 1841 • New Territories on 99-year lease in 1898 • Occupied by Japan during World War II • Shanghai enterprises fled CCP forces in late 1940s • industrialization of Hong Kong • One of the four ``Asian Tigers”

  4. Negotiations between PRC & UK • Deng Xiaoping: “1 country, 2 systems” • PRC Constitution of 1982: S.A.R. • PRC & UK Joint Declaration in 1984

  5. Handover to PRC • 7th National People’s Congress adopted Basic Law of HKSAR in Beijing in 1990 • Became Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of PRC in July 1, 1997

  6. Basic Law of Hong Kong SAR • Stipulated in PRC-UK Joint Declaration in 1984 • Drafted by a committee with members from both Hong Kong and mainland • Adopted by 7th NPC in Beijing in 1990 • Came into effect on July 1, 1997 • Constitutional document for HKSAR

  7. 3 Principles in the Basic Law • ``One Country, Two Systems” • Capitalist system and way of life shall remain unchanged for 50 years (B.L. A5) • ``High Degree of Autonomy” • ``Hong Kong People Running Hong Kong”

  8. ``One Country, Two Systems” • Legal system (British common law) shall be maintained, except for any law that contravene the Basic Law and subject to amendment by the legislature (B.L. A8)

  9. `` High Degree of Autonomy” • HKSAR enjoys executive, legislative, and independent judicial power, including that of final adjudication (B.L. A2)

  10. ``HK People Running HK” • executive authorities and legislature shall be composed of permanent residents of Hong Kong (B.L. A3) • public servants must be permanent residents of Hong Kong, with some exceptions

  11. Central People’s Government • responsible for defense and foreign affairs relating to HKSAR (B.L. A13-14) • authorizes HKSAR to conduct relevant external affairs on its own (B.L. A13) • HKSAR shall be responsible for the maintenance of public order • 11 PRC laws apply to HK (B.L. A18)

  12. Rights and Freedoms • freedom of speech, of the press, of publication, of association, of assembly, of procession, of demonstration, of communication, of movement, of conscience, of religious belief, of marriage.. • the right and freedom to form and join trade unions, and to strike

  13. 3 Branches of Political Structure • Chief Executive • Donald Tsang • Legislative Council • Court of Final Appeal

  14. S/election of CE & Legco • Shall be specified in the light of the actual situation in the HKSAR and in accordance with the principle of gradual and orderly progress (B.L. A45 & A68) • The ultimate aim is the election of the Chief Executive and all the members of the Legislative Council by universal suffrage (B.L. A45 & A68)

  15. S/election of Chief Executive • 800-member Election Committee • industrial, commercial, and financial sectors 1/4 • the professions 1/4 • labor, social services, religious, & other 1/4 • Legco, HK deputies to NPC, etc. 1/4 • Donald Tsang (2005 - 2012) • no more than two consecutive terms

  16. S/election of 60-member Legco

  17. Since 1997 • Freedoms and rights substantially intact • dissident groups • Falun Gong • Judicial system remains the same • Weak executive and strong civil service • Lack of political skills • Multiple political parties

  18. Hong Kong’s Competitiveness • Geographic location • one of the best deep-water ports in the world • hardworking well-educated workforce • literacy rate 94%

  19. ``World’s Freest Economy” • exports & imports each (>US$300b) > GDP • GDP per capita: US$45,900 (PPP 2010) • no VAT, sales tax, or capital gains tax • only 3 types of income are taxed: • profits, salaries, and property • but • 31% live in public housing

  20. Influence on Mainland China • US$220 billion direct investment each way • Hong Kong bodies of law and expertise • Hong Kong attracts talents from mainland • Hong Kong radios, TV, newspapers, magazines, and Internet on mainland

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