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DETERMINERS

DETERMINERS. STARTER. Schematic representation of the NP structure (with noun as head, without post-modification): (determiners) (modifiers ) noun PREMODIFICATION= DETERMINERS AND OTHER PREMODIFYING ITEMS, SUCH AS ADJECTIVES, -S GENITIVES, PARTICIPLES, ETC.

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DETERMINERS

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  1. DETERMINERS

  2. STARTER • Schematic representation of the NP structure (with noun as head, without post-modification): (determiners) (modifiers) noun PREMODIFICATION= DETERMINERS AND OTHER PREMODIFYING ITEMS, SUCH AS ADJECTIVES, -S GENITIVES, PARTICIPLES, ETC.

  3. DETERMINERS: ALWAYS IN PRE-HEAD POSITION E.g. The house is beautiful. Whatever decision you make I’ll support you. That happens when you don't pay enough attention. No woman no cry. Thelastfew steps were the hardest. It's at least doubletherisk.

  4. DETERMINERS • Determiners precede other premodifying items such as adjectives, nouns, participles, etc. E.g. She watches those (det) old(modifier) movies (head) all the time. Those (det) glory(modifier) days(head) are gone. McDougall was introduced to this (det) journal’s (modifier) readers(head) by Tom Williams.

  5. TYPES • Central determiners • Predeterminers • Postdeterminers • Order: (predeterminers)(central determiners)(postdeterminers) NH E.g. Allthosemanyyearsmust represent suchaburden.

  6. CENTRAL DETERMINERS: LIST • Articles (a, an, the, zero) • Demonstratives (this, that, these, those) • Possessives (my, our, your, his, her, its) • Wh-determiners (what, which, whose, whatever, whichever, whosever) • Negative determiner (no) • Universal determiners (each, every) • Nonassertive dual determiner (either) • Negative dual determiner (neither) • General assertive determiner (some) • General nonassertive determiner (any) • Quantitative determiner (enough)

  7. N.B. (1) • Many of the items from the list in the previous slide can also be used pronominally E.g. Give me those books! (those functions as a determiner, with books as NH) Give me those! (those is a demonstrative pronoun functioning as NH in the NP)

  8. RULES (1) • With sg. and pl. count nouns, and noncount nouns: • article the • demonstratives (this, that + sg.), (these, those + pl.) - possessives (my, our, your, his, her, its) - wh-determiners (what, which, whose, whatever, whichever, whosever) - negative determiner (no)

  9. RULES (2) • With sg. count nouns: • article a/an - universal determiners (each, every) - nonassertive dual determiner (either) - negative dual determiner (neither)

  10. RULES (3) • With noncount and pl. count nouns: - zero article - general assertive determiner (some) - general nonassertive determiner (any) - quantitative determiner (enough)

  11. PREDETERMINERS: LIST • all, both, half (quantification) • such and what (refer to quality) • the multipliers (once, twice, three times…) and fractions (one-third, two-thirds…)

  12. ALL, BOTH, HALF • General rules: • They can all occur before the articles, possessives and demonstratives E.g. all the books; all my children; both these cars • They cannot occur before determiners which themselves entail quantification (e.g. some, no, any, each) E.g. *Both enough students … * Half some sugar …

  13. ALL, BOTH, HALF • Specific rules: • All + (the,…) + plural count and noncount - Both+ (the,…) + plural count - Half + (a, the,…) + singular and plural count, and with noncount • Of- constructions (obligatory with p. pronouns, optional with nouns) E.g. Half of it was gone. Half (of) the time she’s not around. All of it was gone. All (of) the meat was gone.

  14. N.B. (2) • IMPORTANT! All, both, half can be function as heads themselves (can be used pronominally) E.g. He indicated all should sit, and allsat. Tom and Kesey looked at each other and bothshrugged. Half the class played and half sang.

  15. MULTIPLIERS • Multipliers+ plural count, mass nouns; sg. nouns denoting number, amount E.g. twice his strength • Followed by definite article, demonstrative or possessive E.g. Double the price (applies to noun) • Followed by indefinite article, each and every E.g. Once a month (applies to measure)

  16. Postdeterminers • Occurring after central determiners, but precedingmodifiers such as adjectives, participles, etc. Two types: • Ordinals (first, second, third, …, next, last, …) • Quantifiers (many, much, (a) few, (a) little, …)

  17. N.B. (3) • Huddleston/Pullum (p. 19) use the term determinative to denote a class of words (i.e. just as adjectives, pronouns and verbs are a separate class of words, so are determinatives) • Huddleston/Pullum (p. 19) use the term determiner to denote a function (i.e. articles, etc. are determinatives that function as determiners in a NP)

  18. N.B. (4) • Huddleston/Pullum (p. 84): determiners as always external dependents since they fall outside the head nominal • Nominal is a unit between the NP and the noun (p. 83) E.g. the lovely flowers (flowers: noun; lovely flowers: nominal; the: determiner as external dependent)

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