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Water quality related research at the Plymouth Marine Laboratory

Water quality related research at the Plymouth Marine Laboratory. Prof. Jim Readman. Estuarine and Coastal Function and Health An Integrated Programme. Impact of biota on hydro- and sediment dynamics. Physical Processes. Biological Processes. Integration

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Water quality related research at the Plymouth Marine Laboratory

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  1. Water quality related research at the Plymouth Marine Laboratory Prof. Jim Readman

  2. Estuarine and Coastal Function and Health An Integrated Programme Impact of biota on hydro- and sediment dynamics Physical Processes Biological Processes Integration Sediment dynamics Bio-engineering Morphology Pollutant dispersal Modelling impact of climate change and toxicants Particles Binding Flocs Deposition Bioavailability Toxicology Chemical Processes

  3. Quantify key biological, physical & chemical processes, & their interactions, that control environmental health Study contaminant fluxes and the role of natural particulates in governing mobility & bioavailability Develop and apply simulation models of effects at molecular, cellular, organ, animal and community scales Functioning of Ecosystems

  4. Long Term Short Term Biological Complexity, Response Time & Ecological Significance Pollutant Chemicals & Radionuclides Molecular & Cellular Tissue Organs Individual Animal Ecosystem Signal : Noise, Responsiveness, Detectability Rapid Distress Signals (Diagnostic Biomarkers), Prognostic for Pathology Population Decline, Loss of Biodiversity, Habitat Destruction Pathology, Immunodeficiency and Physiological Disturbance Biological Effects & Ecological Relevance

  5. DNA adducts DNA damage CYP’s MDR/MXR Anti-oxidant protection Oncoproteins e.g., ras Connexin/Gap junctions Metallothioneins Stress proteins Lysosomal damage & dysfunction Augmented autophagy Cellular dysfunction & atrophy Histopathology and organ damage Pathophysiology “Biomarkers” of contaminant exposure & effect

  6. Research into the distribution, transport, reactivity, fate and impact of pollutants. Chemicals studied have included: Pesticides/Agrochemicals Oestrogens & Anti-androgens Carcinogens Oils (fingerprinting) Nutrients Sewage Pollution Markers Biomarkers (fatty acids, pigments etc.) Antifouling Agents Industrial By-products Detergents Trace Metals etc...

  7. PML is equipped with ultra-sensitive “state of the art” analytical facilities, which include: Gas Chromatography (GC) with a range of detectors (FID, ECD, NPD, FPD) High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with Diode Array, Ultra Violet and Fluorescence detection GC- Mass Spectrometers (MS) HPLC-MS GC-MS/MS (EI & CI with -ve ion) HPLC-MS/MS (Electrospray and APCI) Autoanalysers Chemical analyses:

  8. Solid phase micro-extraction MTBE Head space – SPME method developed Estuarine behaviour paper submitted (Marine Chemistry) PAH Method developed for environmental/pore waters (Environmental Geochemistry and Health. 25. 69-75) Differentiates soluble/colloidal Implications for bioavailability measurements

  9. Rapid Assessment of Marine Pollution immunoassay chemical analyses combined with “biomarker” biological assays

  10. Effects of contaminants on phytoplankton antifouling “booster” biocides flow cytometry and pigments 14C bicarbonate uptake co-ordination of EC ACE project (€1.1 million)

  11. ng/L Readman et al. (In press) Marine Environmental Research.

  12. Sorption studies: kinetics and colloids sterols and PAH 14C-labelled experiments remobilisation of contaminants Bowman, J.C., Zhou, J.L. and Readman, J.W. (2002). Sediment-water interactions of natural oestrogens under estuarine conditions. Marine Chemistry77. 263-276 Bowman, J.C., Zhou, J.L. and Readman, J.W. (2002). Sorption and desorption of benzo(a)pyrene in aquatic systems. Journal of Environmental Monitoring4. 761-766. Bowman, J.C., Readman, J.W. and Zhou, J.L. (2003). Seasonal variability in the concentrations of Irgarol 1051 in Brighton Marina, UK; including the impact of dredging Marine Pollution Bulletin. 46. 444-451.

  13. Bulk organic composition: sediment cohesivity contributions from carbohydrates and proteins effects on contaminant mobility

  14. % Organic Carbon 6 4 100 2 Chlorophyll (µg/g) 50 0 0.2 Lipids (%) 0.1 0 1 Proteins (%) 0.5 0 2 Carbohydrates (mg/g) 1 0 30 Critical erosion velocities (cm/s) 20 10 2m Mud bank profile 0 125 m

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