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Understanding the Endocrine System: Hormones, Glands, and Functions

Explore the intricate workings of the endocrine system, consisting of various glands like the pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, and more, producing hormones that regulate bodily processes. Learn how hormones interact with target cells, the role of protein receptors, and their impact on DNA molecules. Discover the functions and disorders associated with specific hormones, including those from the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, pancreas, and gonads. Gain insights into how these hormones play a crucial role in metabolism, growth, and overall health.

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Understanding the Endocrine System: Hormones, Glands, and Functions

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  1. 9 The Endocrine System

  2. The Endocrine System I. Introduction A. = control system composed of Endocrine Glands that make Hormones B. Major Organ Systems & Processes Controlled

  3. Pineal gland Hypothalamus Pituitary gland Thyroid gland Parathyroid glands Thymus Adrenal glands Pancreas Ovary (female) Testis (male) Figure 9.3

  4. C. How Hormones work *Hormones: Define 2. *Target Cells & Organs = 3. Protein Receptors 4. How do Hormones affect the DNA molecules? Then, proteins do what? 5. Connection to Brain: Brain/Hypothalamus Hormone DNA Specific Proteins then produced ORGAN RESPONSE: proteins affect what cells and organs are doing Receptor TTARGET CELL

  5. I-C. How Hormones Work … II. Specific HormonesA. Pituitary Gland 1. *Location: *Two lobes: name and give type tissue 2. Importance: Hypothalamus Pituitary Gland

  6. Hypothalamus Hypothalamus Releasing hormones secreted into portal circulation Hypothalamus Anterior pituitary Posterior pituitary Hypophyseal portal system Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Growth hormone (GH) Thyrotropic hormone (TH) Adrenal cortex Bones and muscles Prolactin (PRL) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) Mammary glands Thyroid Testes or ovaries Figure 9.4

  7. 3. Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary a. Stimulus for Release: b. Growth hormone ii) *Target Organs: the two main ones are? iii) Functions: Overall is Metabolism Cell Division & Growth of: Use of Fats for energy, iv) *Disorders– What is the Cause and Affect? *Pituitary dwarfism *Gigantism

  8. Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary… c. *Prolactin *Target Organ *Function: d. Reproductive Stimulating Hormones *Target Organ Function: Involvement of Hypothalamus:

  9. 4.*Hormones of the Posterior Pituitary Name them & give Target a. *Where are Hormones made? b. ADH = *__________________ hormone *Target Organ Function: c. *____________________ *Target Organs Functions: (1) (2)

  10. B. Thyroid Gland Stimulus for Release: *Location Hormones– Name the two hormones a. * _________________ Target Cells Functions Disorders: Hyper- and Hypo-Thyroidism: Thyroid Gland

  11. Hyperthyroidism (Graves’ Disease) Figure 9.9

  12. C. Adrenal Glands– Adrenal Medulla 1. *Location: 2. Hormones– many, we will do two Epinephrine (adrenaline) b. Norepinephrine (noradrenaline) Deal with: Adrenal Gland

  13. D. Pancreas-- Pancreatic Islets 1. *Location: 2. HormonesName the two hormones a. * ___________-- Function: b. *___________-- Function: 3. Disorders-- Hyperglycemia 4. Other Pancreas Function: Pancreas

  14. E. Gonads *Gonads: define *Location *Hormones of the Ovaries name the two hormones *_________________ Function: *_________________ Function: 3. Hormones of the Testes name the hormone *___________________ Function: Gonads

  15. F. Other Organs that make one or a few Hormones • Kidney produces Erythropoietin: • Stomach and Intestine produce Gastrin: END

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